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英语构词法1.表否定或反义的常用词缀:反义否定前缀位置意义例词a-an-not,without否定apolitical不关心政治的;anonymous匿名的,无名的,不知名的ab-awayfromabnormal非正常的;a-;ab-abs-在“t”“v”之前avoid避免abstain弃权,戒;abstract摘要ant-anti-against,opposite“反抗”“反”“抗”antarctic南极(的);anti-Japanesewar抗日战争;antimissile反导弹的;antisocial反社会的;antimagnetic防磁的;antiseptic防腐剂;antifreezingliquid抗冻剂counter-contra-against.Opposite反,对应counteraction反作用,counterattack反攻;contrast对比,对照;counteract抵抗;counterpart对手,副本;contra.missile反导弹导弹counterclcckwise逆时针的de-away,down,negative离开,分,否定,使低下decompose分解;decompression减压;degrade使降级;demobilize复员;degenerate堕落的;decay衰败;debase贬低;dis-加在名、形、动词前不disadvantage不利,不利条件;disagree,不同意dis-加在动词前不再……disappear消失;disarm解除武装;disconnect分离di-dif-dis-away,negative否定,分开,不distrust不信任.怀疑;differentiate区分disassemble拆开:divest脱衣,剥夺;il-加在以“l”开头的词前不illegal不合法的;illegitimate非法的illiterate文盲;im-in-ir-加在字母m,b,p之前not,in,into否定,加强或引申意义impracticable行不通的;invisible不可见的;irrational不合理的;inaccurate不准确的;irresistable不可抗拒的;mal-bad,badly恶,不良maltreat虐待;malfunction机能失常;malcontent不满的;malnutrition营养不良;maladminister对……管理不善mis-bad,badly错,坏mistake错误non-not否定nonmetal非金属;non-ferrous非铁的;nonviolent非暴力的;nonprofessional无职业的se-分离separation分离;secure安全;segregation隔离,分开un-加在形、副、名词前not否定unpredictable无法预言的;unknown未知的后缀-proof加在名词后(adj.)防……的,waterproof防水的;boomproof防弹的;soundproof隔音的;burglar-proof防盗的2.表示时间的常用词缀:时间前缀词缀位置意义例词ante-before在……之前ante-room前厅;ante-Christian基督降生前;antecedent先行的,先时的ex-前任的ex-president前总统;ex-premier前总理fore-before前.预先foremost最前的;forecast预测;forefather前人,祖先forehead前额;foretell预言;foreground前景;foresee预见pre-before之前prehistory史前:Prefix前缀prerequisite先决条件;prelude序言前奏曲;pre-election大选前;pro-预先的programme节目单;prologue序言,序幕;prophet预言家proto-原始,初protohydrogen初氢;prototype原型;protoplasm原生质;protoplast原物,原型meta-在……之后,变化,变位Metaphor隐喻;metaphrase逐字硬译;metaphysics形而上学post-after之后postwar战后;postgraduate研究生;post-liberation解放后retro-back往后的retrograde倒退的;retrospect回顾3.表示数字的常用词缀:数字前缀词缀位置意义例词demi-hemi-semi-半demigod半神半人;hemicycle半圆形建筑semiautomatic半自动的;semimechanized半机械化的mono-one单一monomotor单发动机;monowheel单轮uni-uniform均匀的;unipolar单极的;unicellular单细胞的:uniaxial单轴的;unilateralism单边主义ambi-amphi-两周围ambiguous有两个意义的,暧昧的;amphitheater圆形剧场;amphibian两栖的ambidextrous左右手都善用;bi-二,双bimetalic双金属的bimotor双发动机;biweekly双周(刊)biyearly两年一次的di-dioxide二氧化物;diode二级管;diphthong双元音tri-三triangle三角形;tripod三角架;triennial每三年一次的;triple三倍的;tricar三轮车;triode三极管quadri-quadru-四quadruple四倍的;quadrangle四边形;quadricentennial四百周年纪念penta-pentagon五角大楼;pentagram五角星形:pentameter五步诗句数字前缀quinque-quinqui-quinqua-五quinta-fever五日回归热;quintessence精华(古代所谓组成天体的“第五素”)sex-sexi-六sexangle六角;sexennial六年一度的;sexcentenary六周年纪念sept-七September九月(古罗马的七月);septennial七年一度的hepta-heptad七人集团;heptagon七角形octa-oct-octo-八octagon八角形;October十月;:octad八价元素;octopus章鱼nona-ennea-九nonagon九角形;ennead九个一组deci-deca-十decimal十进位的;decagramme十克;decade十年,十个合成一组centi-百,百分之一centimetre厘米(百分之一米);omtilitre厘升(百分之一升);centipede蜈蚣(百脚虫)kilo-千Kilowatt千瓦;kilometer千米;kilogram(me)公斤,千克milli-千,千分之一millennial千年的;milligram毫克multi-许多Multi-coloured颜色多样的,Multi-national多民族的;multiform多种形式的multilateral多边的multipole多极poly-多,复,聚polygon多边形;polyatomic多原子的;polyphase多相的;polyunclear多核的4.动词化常用词缀:动词化前缀词缀位置意义例词be-tomakeintensive使……加强belittle使缩小,贬低;befriend友好相待,帮助en-em-in,into,tomake使……,使人enlarge扩大;enable使……能;embed埋置,嵌进;empower使……能;encage关人笼中;embrace拥抱;endear受喜爱;embody收录,体现;后缀-en加在形容词前或后(v.)make使变成……harden使硬;lengthen使变长;weaken使变弱;broaden加宽;-ify加在名词、形容词后(v.)causetobecome使……成,使……化magnify放大;simplify简化;purify提纯certify证明;glorify颂扬;electrify使电气化-ish(v.)从法文借来的abolish废除.blandish讨好;cherish爱护;perish毁灭-ize-ise-yze-yse加在形容词后(v.)causetobeofhave以……方式对待;……化realize实现;mechanize机械化;analyse,analyze分析;Americanize美国化;popularize推广-ate(v.)使成为activate使活动5.名词化常用词缀:名词化后缀后缀词缀位置意义例词-an加在形容词后(n.)onewho。thatwhich表人Asian亚洲人;electrician电工;physician医生-ant-ent加在动词后applicant申请人;correspondent通信者;resistant抵抗者servant仆人;defendant被告-ard加在形容词后drunkard酒鬼;coward懦夫-arian加在名词后humanitarian人道主义者:octogenarian八十至八十九岁的人;-crat加在名词后democrat民主人士;bureaucrat官僚-ee加在动词后addressee收件人;employee雇员;examinee应试人;refugee难民;-eer加在名词后pioneer开拓者electioneer竞选的人auctioneer拍卖商;engineer工程师;rocketeer火箭专家;electioneer竞选的volunteer志愿者;-er(-or)加在动词后加在地名后manufacturer制造人;best-seller畅销货;survivor幸存音;adapter改编者-ese加在地名上Chinese中国人.汉语;Japanese日本人;Portuguese葡萄牙人,葡萄牙语;-ess加在动词后hostess女主人;manageress女经理;actress女演员-ian-an加在地名后Mile.an非洲人;American美国人;Australian澳大利亚人-ician加在形容词后electrician电学专家;logician逻辑学家;mathematician数学家-ish①加在国家名称之后Swedish瑞典的,瑞典人;Irish爱尔兰的,爱尔兰人-ist加在名词后socialist社会主义者dramatist剧作家dentist牙科医生;botanist植物学家-or加在动词后accelerator加速器;actor演员;collector收藏家;accumulator存储器;accommodator替工-ster加在形容词后youngster年轻人;gangster歹徒;trickster骗子-al加在动词后(n.)act;onewho;thatwhich表动作,事物proposal提案;professional专业人员;signal信号;approval同意;refusal拒绝;arrival到达-age加在动词后(n.)表示特性或情况(n.)state,quality,act表状态,性质,行为passage通道;breakage破损;shortage缺乏;courage勇气;shrinkage收缩;-ance-ence加在形容词后importance重要性;confidence自信心;independence独立;appearance外貌;existence存在-ancy-ency加在形容词后consistency贯性;frequency频率;urgency紧迫性-cy加在形容词后accuracy准确性;policy政策;bureaucracy官僚主义infancy婴儿期;bankruptcy破产;diplomacy外交-dom加在形容词后freedom自由;wisdom
本文标题:常用英语词根词缀分类表
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