《初中英语教学大纲》语法项目表

初中英语教学大纲语法项目表（GrammarItems）（加“*”号的项目只要求理解）1.词类：1）名词2）形容词3）副词4）动词5）代词6）冠词7）数词8）介词9）连词10）感叹词*2.构词法：1）合成法classroom,something,reading-room2）派生法worker,drawing,quickly,careful,kindness,cloudy,unhappy3）转化法hand（n.）—hand（v.）dry（adj.）—dry（v.）3.名词1）可数名词和不可数名词2）名词的复数3）专有名词4）所有格4.代词1）人称代词的主格和宾格形式2）物主代词的形容词与名词性形式3）反身代词myself,himself,ourselves,etc.4）指示代词this,that,these,those5）不定代词some,any,no,etc.6）疑问代词what,who,whose,which,etc.5.数词基数词和序数词6.介词词汇表中所列介词的基本用法7.连词词汇表中所列连词的基本用法8.形容词1）作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法2）比较等级（原级、比较级、最高级）的基本用法（1）构成-er,-est;more,themost（2）基本句型as＋原级形式＋as...notas（so）＋原级形式＋as...比较级形式＋than...the＋最高级形式＋...in（of）...9.副词1）表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法2）疑问副词when,where,how3）比较等级（原级、比较级、最高级）（1）构成-er,-est;more,themost（2）基本句型as＋原级形式＋as...notas（so）＋原级形式＋as...比较级形式＋than...the＋最高级形式＋...in（of）...*10.冠词一般用法11.动词＊1）动词种类（1）行为动词或实义动词1及物动词2不及物动词（2）连系动词be,look,turn,get,become,etc.（3）助动词be,do,have,shall,will,etc.（4）情态动词can,may,must,need,etc.2）时态（1）一般现在时Igetupatsixo'clockeverymorning.Hedoesn'tspeakRussian.Theyareverybusy.Themoonmovesroundtheearth.Whenyouseehim,tellhimtocometomyplace.I'llgotoseeyoutonightifI'mfree.（2）一般过去时IwasinGradeOnelastyear.Igotupatfiveyesterday.（3）一般将来时1.shall（will）＋动词原形Ishall（will）gotoyourschooltomorrowafternoon.Shewillbeheretomorrow.2.begoingto＋动词原形I'mgoingtohelphim.（4）现在进行时We'rereadingthetextnow.They'rewaitingforabus.（5）现在完成时Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.Theyhavelivedherefortenyears.*（6）过去进行时Wewerehavingameetingthistimeyesterday.TheteacherwastalkingtosomeparentswhenIsawher.*（7）过去完成时WehadlearnedfourEnglishsongsbytheendoflastyear.ThefilmhadalreadybegunwhenIgottothecinema.ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceheleftBeijing.*（8）过去将来时Hesaidhewouldgotothecinemathatevening.BettysaidshewasgoingtovisitherunclenextSunday.3）被动语态（1）一般现在时的被动语态Englishistaughtinthatschool.（2）一般过去时的被动语态Thesongwaswrittenbythatworker.（3）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态Shemustbesenttohospitalatonce.4）动词不定式*（1）作主语Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.（2）作宾语Theybegantoread.（3）作宾语补足语Jimaskedmetohelphimwithhislessons.Weoftenheardhersing.*（4）作定语Ihaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.（5）作状语Shewenttoseehergrandmayesterday.（6）用在how,when,where,what,which等之后Idon'tknowhowtouseacomputer.Doyouknowwhentostart?Hedidn'tknowwhattodonext.12.句子种类1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式）2）疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句）3）祈使句（肯定式和否定式）*4）感叹句＊13.句子成份1）主语Bettylikeshernewbike.Hegetsupearlyeveryday.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.2）谓语Weworkhard.Theboycaughtabird.Heismybrother.Theyalllookfine.3）表语Hersisterisanurse.It'sme.I'mready.Hegotangry.Wewereathomelastnight.Hiscupisbroken.4）宾语Tomboughtastory-book.Isawhimyesterday.Hewantedtohaveacupoftea.5）直接宾语和间接宾语Hegavemesomeink.Ourteachertoldusaninterestingstory.6）宾语补足语CallherXiaoLi.Youmustkeeptheroomclean.Johnaskedmetohelphim.7）定语Thisisagreenjeep.Thisisanappletree.Arethesestudentsyourclassmates?Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.8）状语Youarequiteright.ShewillarriveinBeijingonMonday.Hestoppedtohavealook.14.简单句的五种基本句型第一种主语＋连系动词＋表语（S＋V＋P）Thebikeisnew.Themapisonthewall.第二种主语＋不及物动词（S＋V）Heswims.第三种主语＋及物动词＋宾语（S＋V＋O）Childrenoftensingthissong.第四种主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（S＋V＋IO＋DO）Sheshowedherfriendsallherpictures.第五种主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语（S＋V＋O＋C）Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.15.并列句Helikesmaths,butheneedshelp.Ihelphimandhehelpsme.16.复合句1）宾语从句Hesaid（that）hefeltsick.Idon'tknowwhether（if）shestillworksinthefactory.ItakebackwhatIsaid.Ican'ttellwhoisthere.CanyoutellmewheretheSummerPalaceis?2）状语从句ThetrainhadleftwhenIgottothestation.I'llgowithyoutothecinemathisafternoonifI'mfree.Thestudentswenttothefarmbecausethefarmersneededsomehelp.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.Hewassotiredthathecouldn'twalkon.*Jackworkedhardsothathemightgetagoodjob.DoctorWangwenttothehospitalthoughitrainedheavily.*3）定语从句Findthegirlwhoiswearingaredskirt.Showmethepicturethatyoulikebest.Colourthebirdswhich（that）areflying.