Unit 1 science and scientists 复习导学案-2024届高三英语一轮复习人

资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】XB2Unit1scienceandscientists语境背单词Choleraisaninfectiousdiseasecausedbygerms.Peoplewhoareinfectedwiththisdiseasewillsufferfromseverediarrhoea，dehydrationandevendeath.Asayoungdoctor，JohnSnowfeltalittlefrustratedatfirst，buthewasdeterminedtodefeat“KingCholera”onceandforall.Therewerethentwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Snowsubscribedtothecorrecttheorythatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.ButSnowneededproofandfindings.IthappenedthatcholerabrokeoutinLondonin1854，andSnowbegantoinvestigate.HediscoveredthatthereweremultipledeathsinsomehouseholdsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet.Thisshowedtherewasalinkbetweenthecasesofcholeraandthewater.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame，sohehadthehandleofthewaterpumpremoved.ThankstoSnow’sintervention，peoplebegantodrinkpurewaterinsteadofrawwater.Thus，therewasasubstantialdecreaseinthethreatofcholera.Furthermore，inhisuseofmapsandstatistics，Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Histhinkingandconceptondiseasewerequitenovelatthattime.Therefore，Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.霍乱是一种由细菌引起的传染病。感染这种疾病的人会严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰•斯诺一开始感到有点沮丧，但他决心彻底击败“霍乱王”。当时有两种截然不同的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。斯诺赞同正确的理论，即霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。但斯诺需要证据和调查结果。1854年伦敦恰巧暴发了霍乱，斯诺开始调查。他发现宽街水泵附近的一些住户有多人死亡，这说明霍乱病例与饮用水有关联。斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首，于是他让人把水泵的把手拆掉了。多亏了斯诺的干预，人们开始饮用纯净水而不是原水。因此，霍乱的威胁大幅降低。此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据，改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。他对疾病的思考和观念在当时是相当新颖的。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。Doctorsusemicroscopestoobservecells，germs，virusesorproteinsincells，whileastronomerslookatstarsandstudyastronomythroughtelescopes.Atheorymaybeabstract，butresearchworkneedstohaveasolid，concreteorvividtheoreticalframework.BesidesJohnSnow，itisworthmentioningQianXuesen，thefatherofChina’saerospaceindustry.Hewasanoutstanding，giftedandpatrioticscientist.Atfirst，hestudiedrailwaymechanicalengineering.InordertodefendChina’sairspace，heshiftedhismajortoaviation.WhilestudyingintheUnitedStates，QianXuesenwasagraduateassistant，studyingjetandrockettechnology.AfterreturningtoChina，hewasputinchargeofdevelopingChina’srocketscienceanditsspaceandmissileprogramme.UnderQian’sleadership，China’saerospaceindustrymadesteadyprogressandachievedinitialsuccess.Nowlet’schangethesubject.Hereisapictureofabrilliantrainbowafteraheavyrain.Thereisamanstandingoverthere.Therainbowcastsdifferentshadowsoftheman.Aboveall，themoonishanginginthesky，butthesunhasnotyetset.Canyoufindfaultwiththispicture?资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】医生用显微镜观察细胞、细菌、病毒或细胞中的蛋白质，而天文学家则用望远镜观察星体和研究天文学。理论可能是抽象的，但研究工作需要有一个坚实、具体或生动的理论框架。除了约翰•斯诺，值得一提的是“中国航天之父”钱学森。他是一位杰出的、有天赋的、爱国的科学家。起初，他学习铁道机械工程。为了保卫中国的领空，他转到了航空专业。在美国留学期间，钱学森是一名研究生助理，研究喷气式飞机和火箭技术。回国后，他被任命负责发展中国的火箭科学及其太空和导弹项目。在钱学森的领导下，中国航天事业稳步发展，初见成效。现在咱们换个话题吧。这是一幅大雨过后的绚丽的彩虹图。有一个人站在那边。彩虹投射出这个人不同的影子。尤其是，天空中挂着月亮，但太阳还没有落山。你能找出这幅画的错误吗？单词派生1.adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的→vt.反驳;矛盾2.n.感染;传染→vt.使感染;传染3.n.证据;证明;检验→vt.证明4.n.介入;出面;干涉→vi.介入;干涉5.adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→v.净化6.adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的→n.物质;物品;事实根据7.vt.使改观;使改变形态vi.改变;转变→n.改变;转换8.n.思想;思维;见解→v.认为;思考9.n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决→v.发现10.adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→adv.起初11.adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的→n.机械师;机械修理工12.vt.保卫;防守;辩解→n.防御;保卫13.n.助理;助手→vt.帮助;协助→n.帮助;协助;援助14.adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→n.礼物;天赋15.adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→adv.平稳地;持续地16.n.天文学家→n.天文学17.adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的→adv.生动地基础知识巩固Ⅰ.单词小测1.Withsolid,thelawyercancertainlythatheisinnocent.(prove)2.,Ientirelyknewaboutthestepstheytooktocreateabettercampus.(initial)3.He,an,cametomy;thatistosay,hemeinfinishingtheimpossibletaskontime.(assist)4.Theirdaughterhasaforlanguagewhiletheirsonisapianist.(gift)资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】5.HedescribedwhathesawinLondon,givingusapictureaboutpeople’slifethere.(vivid)Ⅱ.短语小测Inhumanhistory,everytimeanepidemic1.(爆发),manypeoplewill2.(患病)withit.3.(多亏)theeffortsofthoseexpertswhoare4.(主管)handlingit,theepidemiccanbedefeated5.(彻底地).However,mostexperts6.(赞同)theviewthatnewepidemicswilloccur.So7.(最重要的是),weshouldstrengthenourimmunesystemtoresistdiseases.Ⅲ.句型小测——高考情景仿写1.他身体虚弱得几乎站不起来了。Hewashecouldhardlystandup.2.可怕的地震似乎把一切都摧毁了。everythingwasdestroyedbytheterribleearthquake.3.她今天不上班,所以她终于可以请人把空调修理一下了。Sheisoffworktodaysoshecaneventually.单元巩固练习Ⅰ.单词小测1.Themoon(cast)brightlightoverthegardenwhenIsawthroughthewindow.2.Shelistened,(shift)nervouslyfromonefoottoanother.3.Whenshesawhereffortspaidoff,tearsofhappiness(pour)downJane’scheeks.4.Whatmadetheassistantannoyedwasthathewassuspectedstealingmoney.5.Allofthemblamedthemistakeme,whichmademequitefrustrated.6.(2020·浙江卷)Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalytical(think),planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage.7.(四川卷)Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsof(infect).8.(全国Ⅱ卷)FrankHurley,aconfidentand(gift)AustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages.9.(全国Ⅱ卷)HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteaching(assist)inclasswhosecreativitywouldinfectotherstudents.Ⅱ.短语填空aboveall,thanksto,ingeneral,subscribeto,breakout,inchargeof,betoblame,onceandforall,belinkedto,comedown1.Pleasebelieveus.Wearesuretosettlethematter.资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】2.Itisreportedthatateamconsistingoffiveexpertswillbetheclub.3.Don’tgoandaskforherideaaboutourplan.Neverwillsheitforthetrip.4.“thefinancia