题型02 推理判断题（解题技巧）-备战2024年高考英语答题技巧与模板构建（原卷版）

题型02推理判断题推理判断题解题思维1.理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。2.对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。3.忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;4.把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。命题特点推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型。它不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘，将作者在文中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义和隐含意义。考查方向推理判断题在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上，包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题和下文预测推断题。命题规律1.文中长复合句、特殊句型处常考2.语言转折和强对比处常考3.对文章中心思想处常考注意：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。推理判断题干扰项特征1.主观臆断：根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。2.过度推断：作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。3.以细节代替推断：将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。4.无中生有：在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。实际上真正的答案在文章中并不能直接找到，会进行词汇的替换。命题点01隐含意义推断题【典例】（2023·福建泉州·高三校考期中）IT’SATYPICALmorning:youwakeup,takeashower,brushyourteeth,andthenprick(刺;扎)yourarmwithatinyneedle.Wait,what?Unlessyouhaveaseriousdiseasesuchasdiabetes,youprobablyhaven’tevertestedyourownblood.Butinthefuture,thatmightchange.ThecompanyCoralreadysellsasystemforhomebloodtesting.Youstickyourarmusingasupposedlypainless,one-off,blood-drawingcartridge(针筒)aboutthesizeofalipstick.Thenyoustickthecartridgeintoadevicethatlookslikethebaseforanelectrictoothbrush.Afewminuteslater,anapponyourphonebuzzeswithupdatedinformation,includingyourcurrenthealthdataandtipsonwhattoeatandhowtoexerciseduringtheday.5．Whydoestheauthormentionthetypicalmorninginthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplainascene.B．Tointroducethetopic.C．Tomakeacomparison.D．Toprovideanexample.命题点02观点态度推断题【典例01】（2023·河北·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中）......Undersomecircumstances,theresearchersfoundsignificantemissionsreductions.Buteachcaserequiredwhattheyconsideredanunrealisticallyhighportionofthewoodgoingtowardsconstruction,aswellasrapidgrowthonlyseeninwarmerplaces,likeBrazil.Ingeneral,theyfoundalargeincreaseinglobaldemandforwoodwouldprobablyleadtorisingemissionsfordecades.Accountingforemissionsinthisway,theresearchersreportedinarelatedpaperthatincreasingforestharvestsbetween2010and2050wouldaddemissionsequaltoroughly10percentoftotalannualemissions.AliAmiriatAaltoUniversityinFinlandsaysthereport’sconclusionsaboutemissionsfromrisingdemandareprobablycorrect,butthestoryisdifferentforwoodwealreadyharvest.“Boostingtheefficiencyofcurrentharvestsandusingmorewoodforlongerlivedpurposesthanpaperwouldcutemissions,”hesays.“Wecannotjustsayweshouldstopusingwood.”12．WhatisAliAmiri’sattitudetowardthenewresult?A．Favorable.B．Doubtful.C．Critical.D．Objective.【典例02】（浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）“Aslongasourbesttechnologyforseeinginsidethebrainrequiressubjectstolienearlymotionlesswhilesurroundedbyagiantmagnet,we’reonlygoingtomakelimitedprogressonthesequestions,”Allensaid.34．WhatisAllen’sattitudetothecurrentstudyonthehumanbrain?A．Cautious.B．Indifferent.C．Approving.D．Pessimistic.命题点03文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题【典例】（2019新课标I卷C篇）Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.31．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary.B．AguidebookC．Anovel.D．Amagazine.命题点04下文预测推断题【典例】（2024·江苏苏州·高三校考阶段练习）It’smid-afternoon.You’refullfromlunch.Thedayiswarm.You’restartingtofeelsleepy.Shouldyougiveintothecomfortofanap(打盹)?Inpointofadvantage,itisworthit.Thoughthereissomedisagreementastowhethernappingbenefitseveryone,researchsuggestsnapscanboostatleastsomepeople’smentalprocessofunderstandingintheshortterm.Severalstudiesfindthatawell-timednapcanprovideashort-termboostinbrainpower.Forexample,scientistsreviewedpastresearchthatfocusedonhealthyparticipantswithregularsleepcycles.Thatreview,publishedin2009intheJournalofSleepResearch,showsthatnappingimprovesfactorsrangingfromreactiontimetoalertness(警觉)tomemoryperformance.“Abriefnapcanalsoinspirepeoplewithcreativity,”a2021studyinScienceAdvancesfound.Inthatresearch,participantsweregivenmathproblemsthatcouldb