题型06 完形填空（答题模版与解题技巧）-备战2024年高考英语答题技巧与模板构建（原卷版）

题型06完形填空模板01逻辑关系模板01逻辑关系模板模板02排除法模板选材特点近年全国新高考卷完形填空的文章选材均来自英美国家的主流书刊或正规网站，题材多样化，遵循“文章内容生活化”原则，体现正确的人生观、价值观，传递正能量。主题语境包含人与社会、人与自我、人与自然，体裁以记叙文为主，说明文和夹叙夹议文为辅。高考完形填空遵循“以实词为主、虚词为辅、突出词汇语境化”的命题原则，设空间距为10-15词。语言简单，长句不多，没有生僻字。对动词、名词和形容词的考查最多，对一词多义、熟词生义进行适当行适当考查。高考完形填空把考查上下文语境放在第一位，词汇运用放在第二位。全文第一句不设空，每小题所给的四个选项大多属于同一种词类或同一范畴。应当重视文章关键句、主题句（一般在段首或段尾），把握文章的主题思想和作者的写作观点和态度。答题要素规律答题转折关系however,but,though,whereas,nevertheless等因果关系so,therefore,thus,because,for,since,as等让步关系though,although,despite,inspiteof等顺序关系before,after,first,second,inaddition,then,next,finally等条件关系if,unless,once,providedthat等解释关系thatistosay,inotherwords,namely等并列关系and,while等提示：完形填空的每一个空都不是孤立存在的，除了词义和用法的考查，句中及全文的逻辑关系是重要线索。解题时应在整体把握文章脉络的基础上，按照行文逻辑进行合理推断。【典例】【辽宁省朝阳市辽宁名校2023-2024学年高三试题】Oneday,Timcamehomefromschool.Hisfacewasfilledwithsadnessand21.Hisclassmatehadsaidhurtfulthingstohim,22Timtofeelupsetanddiscouraged.21．A．hopeB．confidenceC．improvementD．anger22．A．confusingB．attractingC．causingD．Assisting模板02排除法模板答题要素规律答题近四年正确选项分布规律2023年新高考I&II卷：4A；4B；3C；4D；2022年新高考I&II卷：4A；3B；4C；4D2021年新高考I&II卷：4A；4B；4D；3C2021年新高考I&II卷：4A；4B；4C；3D2020年新高考I卷：3A；4B；4C；4D选项词性同一小题选项均为同一词性或词类提示：在个别情况下，如果不能很有把握地直接得出答案，可以根据选项出现频率、上下文语境、固定搭配等综合考虑，运用上图模板结合排除法加合理推断，得出正确选项。仔细剖析近四年高考完形填空选项答案分布情况，可以看出完形填空每个选项最多四处，最低三处。模板03上下文模板1.句内层次题：解题信息直接分布在本句的内部，瞻前顾后，边读边填，先易后难。2.句组层次题：解题线索分布在上句，下句和本句之中。谨记“一空三句抓语境”，耐心作答。3.语篇层次题：解题线索分布在某一段或几段相隔，甚至全篇，距离较远，更需瞻前顾后，谨记“文中无废句，句中无闲词”，耐心作答，合理推断。【典例】【2023年新高考I卷】OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave41thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her42camebecauseshewascarryinga43acrossthefinishline.Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher44whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She45tohelpherfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith46.Shecouldn’t.Baileythen47toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget48attention.41．A．designedB．followedC．changedD．finished42．A．delayB．chanceC．troubleD．excuse43．A．judgeB．volunteerC．classmateD．competitor44．A．raceB．schoolC．townD．training45．A．agreedB．returnedC．stoppedD．promised46．A．courageB．aidC．patienceD．advice47．A．wentawayB．stoodupC．steppedasideD．bentdown48．A．medicalB．publicC．constantD．Equal1.【广东省六校2023-2024学年高三12月联考试题】WhenIwasalittleboymyparents,brothersandIalllivedinmygrandma’soldhouse.Theonlywaywecould21itwasacrossawooden,22bridgeovertherivernexttoit.Ontheothersideofitwasapairofrailroad23only10feetfromthehouse.Icanstillrememberhowthehousewould24whenthetrainscarryingcoalwouldgoby.Still,itwashomeandIalwaysfelt25andlovedthere.Thetrackswerefunto26downtoowhentherewerenotrainsaround.Onedaymyelderbrothereventriedto27mehowtowalkona28railbyputtingonefootinfrontoftheother.EachtimeItried,however,Iwouldshakeand29.Evenholdingmyarmsstraightouttomysidesfor30didn’thelp.Ijustcouldn’tdoitlikemybrotherdidandIsoon31.OnedaywhenIwasaloneIdecidedtotryagain.I32myfeetbutthatonlymademeshakemore.Ithought,Icouldwalkonanold,woodenbridgethatswungallovertheplacebutnotona33pieceofsteel.Finally,IsetmyeyesuponGrandma’shouseandgaveitonelast34.Thistime,though,Ididn’tshake.Iwalkedonandonwithmyeyesontheoldhouse.WhenIfinallygottothefrontdoorIsmiledwith35andlaughedwithjoy.21．A．reachB．visitC．buildD．know22．A．newB．uselessC．swingingD．decorating23．A．recordsB．stationsC．tracksD．companies24．A．shakeB．moveC．riseD．disappear25．A．popularB．busyC．convenientD．safe26．A．driveB．walkC．rideD．count27．A．followB．matchC．recognizeD．show28．A．specialB．singleC．rightD．secret29．A．fallB．remainC．climbD．turn30．A．confidenceB．directionC．balanceD．cheating31．A．joinedinB．gaveupC．spedupD．workedout32．A．foundB．slowedC．stoppedD．watched33．A．temporaryB．largeC．solidD．public34．A．ideaB．tryC．beliefD．behavior35．A．satisfactionB．honestyC．cautionD．response2.【河北省保定市保定部分高中2023-2024学年高三1月期末试题】IgrewuponauniversitycampusineasternNigeria.Iwasa(n)21reader,andwhatIreadwereBritishandAmericanchildren’sbooks.IbegantowritewhenIwasseven.IwroteexactlythekindsofstoriesIwasreading:Allmy22werewhiteandblue-eyed.Theyplayedinthesnow.Theyateapples,andtheytalkedalotaboutthe23，howlovelyitwasthatthesunhad24.Whatthisdemonstratesishow25wecanbeinfluencedbywhatweread,particularlyaschildren.BecauseallIhadreadwereforeignbooks,Ihadbecome26thatbookshadtohave27inthemandhadtobeaboutthingswithwhichIcouldnotpersonallyidentify.Things28whenIdiscoveredAfricanbooks.Thereweren’tmanyofthemavailable,andtheyweren’tquiteaseasyto29astheforeignbooks.But30writerslikeChinuaAchebeandCamaraLayeIwentthroughamental31inmyviewofliterature.I32thatpeoplelikeme,girlswithskinthecolorofchocolate,couldalso33inliterature.IstartedtowriteaboutthingsIrecognized.Whatthe34ofAfricanwritersdidformewasthis:Itsavedmefromhavinga35storyofwhatbooksare.21．A．earlyB．aimlessC．carefulD．poor22．A．instructorsB．neighborsC．friendsD．characters23．A．snowB．fruitsC．cuisineD．weather24．A．disappearedB．setC．comeoutD．gonedown25．A．brieflyB．regularlyC．scarcelyD．easily26．A．convincedB．puzzledC．concernedD．satisfied27．A．heroesB．foreignersC．AfricansD．children28．A．rem