易错点02 名词（5大陷阱）-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题（原卷版）

易错点02名词目录01易错陷阱（5大陷阱）02举一反三【易错点提醒一】可数名词复数形式规则变化易混易错点【易错点提醒二】可数名词复数形式不规则变化易混易错点【易错点提醒三】复合名词复数形式易混易错点【易错点提醒四】复数形式表示特殊意义的名词易混易错点【易错点提醒五】名词的所有格易混易错点03易错题通关易错陷阱1：可数名词复数形式规则变化易混易错点。【分析】名词变复数一般在词尾加-s,但是还有很多并非直接加-s的规则变化，是高考的重要考点，需要牢记。【规律总结】1.一般在词尾加-stoy-toyscar-cars2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词加-esglass-glassesbox-boxeswatch-watchesdish-dishes3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y为i加-escity-citiesbaby-babiescountry-countries4.以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v加-esthief-thieveswife-wivesloaf-loaveslife-lives5.以辅音字母+o结尾的名词，一般加-es,元音字母+o结尾的名词一般加-shero-heroespotato-potatoestomato-tomatoesvideo-videosradio-radioszoo-zoos【易错点拨】1.第四条规律中，笔者根据多年一线教学经验，总结出下列顺口溜变f或fe为v,再加es.小偷妻子切面包，半片树叶当作刀，狼保己命架后藏。thief-thieveswife-wivesthief-thievesloaf-loaveshalf-halvesleaf-leavesknife-kniveswolf-wolvesself-selveslife-livesshelf-shelves对比：chief-chiefs首领roof-roofs屋顶proof-proofs证据belief-beliefs信仰2.有些以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变复数，直接加-s。piano-pianosphoto-photoskilo-kilos易错陷阱2：可数名词复数形式不规则变化易混易错点。【规律总结】单复数同形deer,fish鱼（条数）,sheep,cattle,means,aircraft,series,species,police,Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人变内部元音foot-feettooth-teethman-menmouse-micegoose-geesewoman-women特殊变形ox-oxenchild-childrenbasis-basescrisis-crisesmedium-mediabacterium-bacteriaanalysis-analysesdatum-data【易错点拨】German-Germans德国人易错陷阱3：复合名词的复数变化形式易混易错点。【分析】复合名词变复数时，将主体名词变复数，没有主体名词的在词尾加-s。【经典示例】passer-bypassers-by过路人；looker-onlookers-on旁观者；step-motherstep-mothers继母；boyfriendboyfriends男朋友；grown-upgrown-ups成年人；go-betweengo-betweens中间人；【易错点拨】主体词被man和woman修饰时，这两个词要连同主体词一起变成复数。amandoctor-twomendoctors；awomandoctor-twowomendoctors;易错陷阱4：复数形式表示特殊意义的名词易混易错点。【分析】有些名词的单复数形式不同意义大不相同，作为常考点，其意义对文章的理解起重要作用。【经典示例】arm胳膊-arms武器；grass草-grasses草原；paper纸张-papers论文；people人们-peoples民族；wood木头-woods树林；iron布-irons熨斗；work工作-works工厂；time时间-times时代；line线路-lines台词；water水-waters水域；wind风-winds风向；fish鱼肉；条数-fishes种类；possession拥有-possessions财产；易错陷阱5：名词的所有格易混易错点。【分析】1.有生命的名词所有格一般在词尾加’s。如果以s结尾的词，只加’即可。2.一样东西为两者共有，只在后一个名词后加’s；不是共有的，两个名词后面都加’s。【经典示例】thepresident’sroom总统的房间；Engels’works恩格斯的著作；students’union学生会MaryandLily’sroom玛丽和莉莉的房间；（共有）Mary’sandLily’sbooks玛丽和莉莉的书；（不共有）【易错点提醒一】可数名词复数形式规则变化易混易错点【例1】（广东省深圳市红岭中学2023-2024学年高三统考试题）ThebuildingsintheForbiddenCityareallcoveredwithyellowglazedtile(琉璃瓦)(roof)withredcolumnsandhighwallsbeneath,symbolizingthenoblestatusoftheroyalfamily.【变式1】（广东省2023-2024学年6校高三联考）Thisstonetabletisrelativelywellpreservedwithclearcharacters,whichissignificantforstudyingculturalandeconomic(activity)inthesouthernpartofHebeiduringtheQingDynasty.【变式2】（湖北省腾云联盟2023-2024年高三联考试题）Wangorganizedallthe______(housewife)whostayedbehindandstartedthefirstsupportgroupforsuchwomeninTaipingVillage.【变式3】（江苏省连云港2023-2024年高三试题）Onsuchabrilliantandmarvelousnight,the_____(participate)areoverjoyedbythegrandspectacleandtheatmosphereofcelebration.【易错点提醒二】可数名词复数形式不规则变化易混易错点【例2】（2023年江苏省南京市高三检测）Itwasthenthatshebecameattractedbythewaytheseseeminglyconfident_______(woman)heldthemselves.【变式1】（2023年全国高三专项练习）Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfront(tooth)ofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals.【易错点提醒三】复合名词复数形式易混易错点【例3】（2023年全国专项练习）Therewasonceafamilyconsistingofafather,hisfoursons,andhisthree_______(daughter-in-law).【变式1】（2023年全国专项练习）Childrenusuallyplaythiskindsofwordgamebetterthan______(grown-up).【变式2】（2023年全国专项练习）Mostofthetime_______(looker-on)seemorethanplayers,ordifferentwithplayers.【易错点提醒四】复数形式表示特殊意义的名词易混易错点【例4】（湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试）Theterm“stooper”wascoinedintheUSafteralotofpeopleputtheirusedorunderused(belong)infrontoftheirdoorstepstobetakenawayforfreebythoseinneed.【变式1】（2024届江苏省徐州市沛县高三模拟）ThesecondpartwillseceducationexpertsguideChineselearningfromtheir(work).【易错点提醒五】名词所有格易混易错点【例5】（江苏省前黄高级中学2023-2024学年高三学情检测）Duringavisitearlierthisyeartothecrowdedandnoisymarketinthe(city)Wuningsubdistrict,MaoFenghua,headofthelocaltradeunionfederation,foundachilddoinghomeworknearastreetstall.【变式1】（湖北省宜荆荆恩2023-2024学年高三起点试题）BecauseofthehumidclimateinLiuzhou,peopletendtolosetheirappetite,butthespicyandsourtastestimulates(people)appetite.【变式2】（2023年河北省秦皇岛市高三摸底试题）Suzhouisabeautifulcityineast_______（China）JiangsuProvince.1．（2023年新高考II卷）SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe________(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.2.（2023年浙江卷1月）ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric(event).3.（江苏省常熟市2023-2024学年高三10月抽测试题）Liuandherteamcameupwiththeideadecidingtochoosetheclothesincludingqixiongruqun,atypicalchest-highChineseskirtinTangDynasty,andtheweddingdressinMingDynasty,apopularlongoutercoatwithlooseandlong(sleeve)inSongDynasty.4.（湖北省武汉市硚口区2023-2024学年高三质检）“Realizingthevalleywassuitableforgrowingtea,since2018,wehaveimprovedthemanagementoftheteaplantation,introducedadvancedplantingtechniquesandprovidedtrainingfor(village),”Huangsaid.5.（湖北省孝感市重点高中协作体2023-2024学年高三试题）Somesaidtheycanmatchhanfufromdifferentdynastiestogether,orwithmodernclothing,accordingtotheirown(prefer).6.（湖南省长沙市南雅中学2023-2024学年高三试题）NotfarfromMei’saddress,thefirsttheaterforPekingOpera(p