专题06 阅读理解之细节理解题-2024年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考通用）（原卷版）

专题06阅读理解之细节理解题2020-2023年高考英语阅读理解考情分析项目年份卷别语篇类型题型应用文记叙文说明文议论文细节理解推理判断主旨要义词义猜测2023新高考I卷ABC/D6711新高考Ⅱ卷ABC/D8331全国甲卷ABC/D951全国乙卷BA/CD58112022新高考I卷ACDB10311新高考Ⅱ卷ABC/D7512全国甲卷AC/DB8331全国乙卷AC/DB112112021新高考I卷ABC/D6621新高考Ⅱ卷ABC/D9411全国甲卷ACBD6711全国乙卷A/B/C/D48212020新高考I卷AB/CD7512全国I卷AC/DB4821全国Ⅱ卷ADB/C8232细节理解题是指原文提到了某事物，现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接信息题、直接理解题、间接信息题、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。这类题型是目前阅读理解中考查最多的题型，其中前三种是高考英语中常考的题型，后两种近年考查较少。尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题，转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。考查文章细节理解的测试题的常见问题：①Thisarticleisparticularlywrittenfor...?②Whenthewritersays…hereallymeans...?③Theauthor’sattitudeto…isthat...?④Whatkindofatmospheredoesthewriterwanttocreateinthispassage?⑤Thewriterregards…as...?⑥Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis...高考细节理解题主要分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。1.直接辨认：细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息，要求学生记住重要的细节，在需要的时候能准确而迅速地将他们回忆出来。2.间接辨认：间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息进行同义转换，用同义或近义的形式复述出来，为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义，以检测考生的句义复述能力。题型归纳题型01直接信息题【题型诠释】对于直接信息题，学生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在原文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。也就是说，命题者设置的题目比较直接，理解字面意思即可作答。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体，大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。【典例1】(2023上·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中)Welcometoourstand-upcomedyclassesThisistheworkshopwherebeginnershavegrownintoheadlinersandheadlinershavegrownintostars.Ourworkshopstressesstand-upcomedywritingandperforming—thetwokeycomponentsofstand-upcomedy.Ourclassesareconductedbyaward-winning,comedydirectorandwriterStephenRosenfieldandhisstand-upstaff.Theyareconductedsothatwhenit’stimeforyourclubperformance,youwillhavesolidlywritten,funnymaterialandyouwillbewellrehearsedandreadytoperformbeyondyourexpectations.Thesestand-upcomedyclassesareofferedtobothbeginnersandadvancedstudents.Theworkshopconsistsofgroupclasses,privatecoachingsessionsandaperformanceatGothamorWestSideComedyClub.Seatsavailable:2做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。Startdate:May17thIn-personshow:May20thatGothamComedyClubLivestreamedshow:May22ndonYouTubeFees:Ifyouareafirsttimestudent:$410.Ifyouareareturningstudent:$350.Weacceptcash,checksorcreditcards.Yourinstructor:BeckyVeduccioBeckyhasbeenaprofessionalcomedian,writerandactressforover15years.Shehasperformedstand-upcomedyinNewYork,LosAngeles,LasVegasandLondon.Besides,shehasappearedincommercials,theaterandfeaturefilms.Andshecompetedinthe2018seasonofAmerica’sGotTalent.HerfilmworksincludeReturntoMe,MaidinManhattanandRandomHearts.Asawriter,shewaschosenasoneofParenting.com’stopfive“FavoriteMommyBloggers”forherhumorousarticlesonthewebsite.In2015,shewontheNewYorkPressClubAwardforhumorouswriting.Asaninstructor,Beckyhastaughtstand-upcomedytoeveryagegroup—fromelementaryschoolkidsandteenagerstouniversitystudentsandadults.Shebelieveseveryonehasacomedicvoice.1.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheworkshop?A.Therearethreeseatsleftatpresent.B.Itfocusesonbothwritingandacting.C.ThereareonlineshowsonMay20th.D.Itisspeciallydesignedforheadliners.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Ourworkshopstressesstand-upcomedywritingandperforming—thetwokeycomponentsofstand-upcomedy.(我们的研讨班强调单口喜剧的写作和表演，这是单口喜剧的两个关键组成部分。)”可知，研讨班专注于写作和表演。故选B项。2.Howmuchwillareturningstudentsaveonthefee?A.$10.B.$50.C.$60.D.$80.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据Fees部分中“Ifyouareafirsttimestudent:$410.Ifyouareareturningstudent:$350.(如果你是新生：410美元。如果你是老生：350美元。)”可知，老生可以节省60美元的学费。故选C项。题型02直接理解题【题型诠释】细节类阅读理解题，一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。其中的直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。因此所选答案一定要符合原文，这里的符合原文是指所选答案有下列特征：1.是原文的再现；2.是原文的改写；3.是原文的简化。【典例2】(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一六八中学校联考阶段练习)Campingtips:Whichovernightwildernessexperienceisrightforyou?Ifyou’reanexperiencedbackpacker,readnofurther.Thisarticleisforcampingrookies,thosewhohaveneversleptbeneaththestarsorhaven’tpitchedatentsincetheiryouthbutareseriouslythinkingaboutovernightinginthewilderness.CarcampingAtitsmostbasic,carcampinginvolvespackingatent,sleepingbag,fold-upchair,coolerandcampstoveintoyourvehicleandstayingatadrive-upcampground.Nearlyeverynationalpark,andmanystateandcountyparksandprivatefacilities,offerdrive-upcampgroundswithrestrooms,potablewater,fireringsorpits,andmaybeevenhotshowers.Sotherearelotsofchoices.Thedownsideofcarcampingisthefactthatthesecampgroundsareoftenpackedwithothercampers.Notalotofprivacy,theycanbenoisy,andpossiblyhinderyourquestofcommuningwithnature.BackpackingNovehiclerequired;justyourfeetandagoodpairofhikingbootsorshoestogetyoutothenextovernightspot.Amulti-dayhikingtripiswithoutdoubtthemostimmersivewaytoexperiencethegreatoutdoors.Differentfrommaybecarcamping,itrequirestheleastexpenseandequipment.Allyoureallyneedareabackpack,sleepingbag,waterbottle,smallfirst-aidkit,enoughfoodtolasttheentiretravel.Itcanbedonejustaboutanywhereontheplanet.BoatCampingWhilethisdoesinvolveowningorrentingawatercraftorusingaferryorwatertaxiservicetoreachtheovernightsite,campingviacanoe,kayak,raftorboatoffersasimilarget-away-from-it-alladventureasbackpacking.Experiencedpaddlersandboatersusuallyprefertocampontheirownalongasecludedshoreline.Butmanyadventureorwildernessoutfittersofferguidedtripsthatcanlastanywherefromacoupleofdaystotwoorthr