必修第三册 Unit 2　Morals and Virtues

必修第三册Unit2MoralsandVirtuesⅠ.阅读理解AAn89-year-oldman，ManfredSteiner，hasreachedagoalhespent20yearsworkingtowardandnearlyalifetimethinkingabout：earninghisPhD.Andnowheisaphysicist.Steinervaluesthisdegreebecauseitiswhathealwayswantedandbecauseheovercamehealthproblemsthatcouldhaveaffectedhisstudies.“ButImadeit，andthiswasthemostsatisfactorypointinmylifetofinishit，”hesaid.Whenhewasyoung，SteinerwantedtobecomeaphysicistafterreadingaboutAlbertEinstein.Buthismotherandunclepersuadedhimthatstudyingmedicinewouldbeabetterchoice.Heearnedhismedicaldegreein1955andmovedtotheUSsoonafter.Steinerstudiedhematology(血液学)atTuftsUniversityandbiochemistryattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.HebecameafullprofessorandledthehematologydepartmentatBrowns’medicalschoolfrom1985to1994.SteinerhelpedestablisharesearchprograminhematologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.Hedirectedthatprogramuntilheretiredfrommedicinein2000.Steinerfoundmedicalresearchpleasing，butitwasnotquitethesameashisinterestinphysics.“Itwassomethinglikeawishthatwasneverfulfilled，thatalwaysstuckinthebackofmyhead，”hesaid.Atage70，hestartedtakingundergraduateclasses.PhysicsprofessorBradMarstonwassurprisedwhenSteinerenteredhisquantummechanicsclass.ButhebecameSteiner’sadviserforhisdissertation(学位论文)afterrealizinghowseriousSteinerwasaboutthesubjectandhowhardheworked.“Hehaswrittenmanypapersinmedicalscience，morepapersthanI’vewritteninphysics，”Marstonsaid.“Onethingthat’sreallytrueaboutManfredisthatheperseveres.”AftertheuniversitypublishedastoryaboutSteineronitswebsite，peopleacrosstheUScontactedhimtoaskforadviceonhowtogoaftertheirdreamslaterinlife.Hisadviceis：Dowhatyoulovetodo.1．WhydidSteinervaluehisdegreeinphysics?A．Becauseitsolvedhishealthproblems.B．Becauseitwashislong-pursueddream.C．Becauseitmethismother’sexpectation.D．BecauseitwasinspiredbyAlbertEinstein.2．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Steiner’scontributionstoteaching.B．Steiner’sresearchesafterretirement.C．Steiner’sachievementsinhematology.D．Steiner’sperformancesatTuftsUniversity.3．WhatimpressedProfessorMarstonmostaboutSteiner?A．Histakingundergraduateclassesat70.B．Hiswritingmorepapersinphysics.C．Hisstickingtobecomingaphysicist.D．HisbeingarolemodelforAmericans.4．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSteiner?A．Activeandopen-minded.B．Enthusiasticandeasy-going.C．Intelligentandwarm-hearted.D．Perseverantandhard-working.BTheshortfilmPiper，releasedbyPixarin2016，wonthe89thAcademyAwardforBestAnimatedShortFilm.PiperwaswrittenanddirectedbyAlanBarillaro，previouslyworkingintheanimation(动画片)department.It’sawonderthathehadthefortunetowinOscarforhisfirstfilm.TheshortfilmfollowsababybirdnamedPiper，asshelearnsandovercomesherfearsoffindingfoodattheseafront.Piperisencouragedtopeck(啄)atthesandbeachbutgetswetthroughwithwaterfromawave.Discouragedbytheterriblewave，shehopestogetfoodfromhermotherbutfails.Aftergatheringupthecourageagain，shemeetsahermitcrab(寄居蟹)whoshowshernottobescaredoftheoceanbuttoembraceit.Finally，shediscoversthesecretoftheoceanandfeedsherselfevenherfamily.It’sastoryaboutfacingchallengesandnotbeingdiscouragedbyfailure.LikePiper，wecanalwaysfindsolutionsandcomeoutstrongerthaneverbefore.SomehowPixarmanagestofitalloftheseintoafive-minute-longshortfilm，withoutusinganyspokenlanguageandentirelybyanimation.Movementsandpersonifiedfacialexpressionsarewhatdrivethisstoryinthisfilm.Muchlikethenaturedocumentary，thecontinuouspullingoftheshallowfocusaddsthesenseofrealism.Thecleanandclearanimationallowsforeventheslightestmicro-expressionstobepickedupbytheaudience.AndthemusicisconsistentwithPiper’semotions，makingtheaudiencefeelthesameway.ThisfilmandlotsofothersbyPixarmakeuslaughandcryallthetime.Byfittingasimplestorywithsimplecharacters，weareledthroughchallengestoasatisfyingconclusionforourcharacters.It’soneofthebestshortfilmsinalongtime.5．Whatisthestorylineoftheshortfilm?A．Amotherinstructsherchildtofindfood.B．Abirdovercomesfearsandgrowsindependent.C．Abirdfamilytriestoadapttolifeattheseafront.D．Asandbeachoffersfoodtothebirdslivingnearby.6．Whattechniquesareusedintheshortfilm?A．Animationandmusic.B．Soundandvirtualscenes.C．Movementsandspeeches.D．Clearpicturesandvividlines.7．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheshortfilm?A．Indifferent.B．Critical.C．Favorable.D．Negative.8．Whatisthistext?A．Adocumentary.B．Areview.C．Astory.D．Anessay.COnpaper，hydrogen(氢气)lookslikeadreamfuel.Inpractice，thingsaretrickier.Storingmeaningfulquantitiesofhydrogengasrequirescompressing(压缩)itseveralhundredtimes.Transformingitintoliquidstateisanotheroption，butonethatrequirescoolingthestuffto－253℃.Eitherprocessrequiresruggedtanks.Overtime，hydrogengascanpassslowlyintometals，weakeningthemandpotentiallycausingcracks.Tanksmustbebuiltfromspecialmaterialsdesignedtoresistthisbreakdown.ResearchersattheFraunhoferInstitute，ledbyMarcusVogt，thinkthatsupplyinghydrogenasgoop(糊状)offersawayaroundsomeofitslimitations.Theyhavebeenexperimentingwithachemicalcompoundthatcanbepumpedintoacontainerandthenpersuadedtogiveoffitshydrogenondemand.Theirinvention，whichtheynickname“powerpaste”，looksliketoothpaste.Itsmainingredientismagnes