选择性必修第三册 Unit 4　Adversity and Courage

选择性必修第三册Unit4AdversityandCourageⅠ.阅读理解AUntilnow，scientistshaven’tbeenabletostudythenewrockonthemoon.ThenewsamplesfromChang’e5willchangethis.They’refromnearMonsRümker，avolcanicmountainwheretherockisthoughttobemuchyounger—about1billionyearsold.Therearealotofreasonsscientistsareeagertostudythisyoungerrock，oneofwhichisthatitcouldhelpusmorepreciselydatenotonlythemoon，butmanyrockyplanetsandotherobjects.Here’showthatworks:Scientistsdatelunarrockbyusingsomethingcalledachronologycurve(年代学曲线)，saysJolliff，ascientistatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis.Basically，theyestimatetheageoftherockbycountingthenumberofcratersintheareatherockcomesfrom;thoseincreaseasobjectsstriketherockovertime.Tomakethisestimation，scientistsneedtomatchthenumberofcraterstoapreciseage.Rightnow，theyonlyhavedatapointsforlunarrockthatis3to4billionyearsold.Moderntechniquescandatethenewsampleextremelyaccurately，andoncescientistsknowitspreciseage，theycanaddavaluabledatapointtotheirchronologycurve.Thedatingsystemwillalsohelpusmoreaccuratelyestimatetheageofallsortsofobjectsinspace，likerockyplanetsandothermoons.Anotherreasonscientistsarekeentostudythisyoungvolcanicrockistofindoutmoreabouthowvolcanismworksonthemoon.Jolliffsaysthatit’sunclearwhytherewasvolcanicactivityonthemoonforsuchalongperiodoftime.Mostofthemoon’svolcanicactivity，hesays，isthoughttohaveoccurred3or4billionyearsago，whenthemoonwasstillprettyyoung.Butsincethemoondoesnothaveplatestructure，whichdrivesvolcanismonEarth，it’sunclearwhatcouldhavecausedmuchlatervolcanicactivity.“That’ssomethingthatyoucanfindoutofthesamplesbystudyingtheminthelab，”Jolliffsays.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph1referto?A．Thefactofbeingunabletostudythenewrock.B．ThenewrockfromnearMonsRümker.C．Oneofthereasonstostudythemoon’snewrock.D．Thestudyofthemoon’syoungerrock.2．Scientistsresearchthisyoungerrockbecausetheycan.A．ensuretherewasvolcanicactivityonthemoonB．morepreciselydateonlythemoonC．datelunarrockbyusingachronologycurveD．explorehowvolcanismworksonthemoon3．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Scientistsarekeentostudythisyoungvolcanicrock.B．Scientistscan’tknowwhyvolcanicactivityexistsonthemoon.C．Themoon’svolcanicactivityoccurred3or4billionyearsago.D．It’sclearwhatcouldhavecausedmuchlatervolcanicactivity.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HowScientistsStudytheYoungerRockB．WhytheResearchIsImportantC．WhytheYoungerRockIsWorthStudyingD．WhatScientistsDotoStudytheYoungerRockBIn2016，inanIllinoistowncalledCahokia，awomanwassenttoprisonjustbecauseshefailedtotendherlawn(草坪)．In2019，aFloridamanwasfined$30,000bythecityofDunedinforallowinghisgrasstogrowmorethan10inchesinheight.Theseexamples，whileextreme，arenotrareoccurrenceinAmerica.Astudyestimatedthatturfgrasses(lawns，parks，athleticfields，etc.)coverover40millionacresinthecontinentalU．S.，anarealargerthananycroparea.AndAmericansspendasmuchas$60billionayearmaintainingthesegrasses.TheseimpressivedataaretheresultofAmericans’settingmuchstorebythesepiecesofgreeneryforseveralcenturies.Centuriesago，onlythosewithconsiderablewealthcouldowntheresourcesneededtomaintainthesedisplays.Inthemodernworld，lawnshavegraduallychangedfromtheestatesofthewealthytothefrontyardsofcommonpeople.AcrossAmerica，millionsoffamiliesnowproudlypresenttheirgrasstotheirneighborsanddriversbycarefullyweeding，watering，fertilizingandmowingthesesmall-scalerepresentationsofthegrounds.Withthiscontextinmind，it’seasytoseewell-tendedlawnsinAmerica.Peopletendtouselawnstocreateanimpressionoforderortoindicateasenseofpersonalsuccess.Therelativehealthandattractivenessofthegrassintheiryardbecomesabarometer(晴雨表)fortheirlifeasawhole.However，withsomanyacrescoveredbythegrass，theinfluenceassociatedwithlawnmaintenanceismorethanjustpsychological.Tobeginwith，alawnrequiresmassivequantitiesofresourcestosustain.TheU．S.DepartmentofAgricultureestimatesthatlawnsaccountforabouthalfofhomeowner’swateruse，muchofwhichiswasted.Additionally，Americansarereportedtouse80millionpoundsofchemicalsontheirlawnseachyear.Theprocessoftendingthelawnalsocontributestoairpollution.Thesesurprisingdatameanweneedtoquestionwhetherlawnsprovideuswithenoughbenefittojustifytheirwidespreadexistence.5．Whyarethetwolawn-relatedcasesmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A．ToexplaintheeffectivenessofAmericanlaws.B．ToshowthesignificanceoflawnsinAmericansociety.C．TostressAmericans’awarenessofenvironmentalprotection.D．TorevealthecostofmaintaininglawnsinAmericans’dailylife.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthesecondparagraphmean?A．Makingfulluseof.B．Facingtheconsequenceof.C．Attachinggreatimportanceto.D．Shoulderingtheresponsibilityfor.7．WhydoAmericanshaveapreferenceforwell-tendedlawns?A．Becauseofthepsychologicalfunctionoflawns.B．BecauseofthepopularityoflawnsinAmericans’life.C．Becauseofthepurposeofplacingbarometersinlawns.D．Becauseofthemethodofplantinghealthyandattractivelawns.8．WhatcanweknowaboutthelawnsintheU．S.accordingtothepassage?A．Theywillbeexpandedtocovermorelands.B．Theycausesignificantenvironmentalconcerns.C．Theywillmotivatepeopletobehealth-conscious.D．Theycanpromotethedevelopmentofthechemicalindu