专题 22 阅读理解之推理判断题-2024年新高考英语一轮复习练小题刷大题提能力（解析版）

资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】专题22阅读理解（推理判断题）刷大题、提能力1.（2023·安徽安庆·安庆一中校考模拟预测）Sleep,consideredaluxurybymany,isessentialforaperson'swellbeing.Researchershavefoundthatinsufficientsleepandtirednessincreaseaperson'sriskofdevelopingseveremedicalconditions,suchasobesity(beingveryoverweight),highbloodsugarlevels,andheartdisease.Now,anewstudyhasfoundthatgettingsufficientsleepisalsothekeytoimprovingacademicperformance.JeffreyGross,theuniversityscienceprofessorwholedtheresearch,wasnottryingtofindtherelationshipbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutsmartwatchestothe100studentsinhischemistryclass.Instead,theprofessorhopedthewrist-wormdevices,whichtrackaperson'sphysicalactivity,wouldshowaconnectionbetweenexerciseandacademicachievement.WhileGross'sdatashowednorelationshipbetweenthesetwofactors,thestudyfoundsomethingsurprising.Astheresearcherswereanalyzingtheirdata,theynoticedthattherewasastraight-linerelationshipbetweentheaverageamountofsleepastudentgotandtheirresultsinthecourse's11quizzes,threemidtermtests,andthefinalexam.Evenmoreinteresting,itwasnotsufficientforstudentstojustheadtobedearlythenightbeforeatest.Instead,it'sthesleepyougetduringthedayswhenlearningishappeningthatmattersmost.Thetimestudentswenttobedeachnightwassimilarlyimportant.Thosewhowenttobedinearlyhoursofthemorningperformedpoorly,evenifthetotalsleeptimewasthesameasahigher-performingstudent.Whenyougotobedmatters,Grosssays,Ifyougotobedat10,or12,or1atnight,andsleepforsevenhours,yourperformanceisthesame.Butifyougotobedafter2,yourperformancestartstogodownevenifyougetthesamesevenhours.So,quantityisn'teverything.Perhapsthemostinterestingwasthehugeimpactthatsmalldifferencesinsleeppatternshadonthestudents'grades.Theoverallcoursegradesforstudentsaveragingsixandahalfhoursofsleepeachnightwere25%lowerthanstudentswhoaveragedjustonehourmoresleep.Similarly,studentswhovariedtheirbedtimebyevenonehoureachnighthadgradesthatdropped45%belowthosewithmoreregularbedtimes.资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】WhoknewgettingA'sjustrequiredsomeextraZZZ's?1．Basedonhisoriginalobjectives,whichbestdescribesProfessorGross'sresearchfindings?A．Accidental.B．Complete.C．Convincing.D．Doubtful.2．Whowerethepeopletakingpartinthestudy?A．Middleschoolchemistrystudents.B．Volunteersfromdifferentuniversities.C．ProfessorGross'sownstudents.D．Universitystudentathletes.3．HowdidProfessorGross'steammeasureacademicperformance?A．Makingthestudentswearaspecialwatch.B．Usingstudents'universityentrancetestresults.C．Givingthestudentsregularafterclassquizzes.D．Usingthestudents'normaltestandquizgrades.4．Basedonthestudy'sfindings,whoislikelytoperformbestacademically.A．Apersonwhohasagoodnight'ssleepthenightbeforeanimportanttest.B．Apersonwhosenormalbedtimevariesbetween9p.m.and12p.m.C．Apersonwhosleepsfrom11p.m.to6a.m.eachday.D．Apersonwhosleepsforatotalof7hourseachnight.【答案】1．A2．C3．D4．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，睡眠质量不足除了对身体健康造成不良影响之外，也会对学习成绩产生影响，好的睡眠质量是提高学习成绩的关键。1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“JeffreyGross,…,wasnottryingtofindtherelationshipbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutsmartwatchestothe100studentsinhischemistryclass.”和“Instead,theprofessorhopedthewrist-wormdevices,whichtrackaperson'sphysicalactivity,wouldshowaconnectionbetweenexerciseandacademicachievement.”可知，在给他化学课里的100个学生发放智能手环时，JeffreyGross并没有试图去发现睡眠和成绩之间的关系，相反的，他最初目标是想发现运动与学习成绩之间的关系，意在表明发现睡眠与成绩之间的关系是一个意外收获，A项符合语境。故选A项。2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“JeffreyGross,…,wasnottryingtofindtherelationshipbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutsmartwatchestothe100studentsinhischemistryclass.”可知在给他化学课里的100个学生发放智能手环时，JeffreyGross并没有试图去发现睡眠和成绩之间的关系，因此参加研究的人是上他化学课的学生，C项切题。故选C项。资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Astheresearcherswereanalyzingtheirdata,theynoticedthattherewasastraight-linerelationshipbetweentheaverageamountofsleepastudentgotandtheirresultsinthecourse's11quizzes,threemidtermtests,andthefinalexam.”可知在分析实验数据时，他们注意到在平均睡眠时间和课程测验、三次期中考试和期末考试成绩之间存在一个直接联系，因此作者是通过学生正常测验和考试成绩来衡量他们的学习表现，D项切合题意。故选D项。4．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Ifyougotobedat10,or12,or1atnight,andsleepforsevenhours,yourperformanceisthesame.Butifyougotobedafter2,yourperformancestartstogodownevenifyougetthesamesevenhours.”可知，如果在晚上10点、12点或者1点上床睡觉，睡7小时，你的学习表现是一样的，但如果在2点之后睡觉，哪怕睡了7个小时，学习表现也会下降，说明睡觉时间在晚上10点到1点之间，睡7个小时学习表现是最好的，C项睡觉时间11p.m.to6a.m.满足7小时标准，符合语境。故选C项。【点睛】判断推理题解题时要求考生根据文章提供的事实或线索作判断和推理，推测作者未提到的事实、某事发生的可能性或趋势、某事未来的结果等。做这类题时，关键要紧扣主题，立足已知事实或线索，捕捉关键信息，然后推断其所隐含的深层含义。例如第二段中“JeffreyGross,…,wasnottryingtofindtherelationshipbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutsmartwatchestothe100studentsinhischemistryclass.”和“Instead,theprofessorhopedthewrist-wormdevices,whichtrackaperson'sphysicalactivity,wouldshowaconnectionbetweenexerciseandacademicachievement.”instead前后所连接两个句子分别为“给他化学课里的100个学生发放智能手环时，JeffreyGross并没有试图去发现睡眠和成绩之间的关系”和“他最初目标是想用手环设备来发现运动与学习成绩之间的关系”意在表明转折关系，即睡眠和成绩之间的关系其实是进行原本研究目标时不经意（偶然）之间发现的副产物。层层递进，丝丝入扣，体现出此篇阅读语料的逻辑严谨性，考生易于失分，因此值得仔细推敲。2.（2023·广东·高三深圳市福田中学阶段练习）Ashockingnewsreporthasrevealedthatmorethanoneinfivespeciesofmapletreesfacesextinction,warningthat75%ofthethreatenedspeciesare“geographicallyrestricted”intheirnativeregions.Thetreesareexperiencingavastdeclineinhabitat,duetourbandevelopment,woodharvestin