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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 高中教育 > 专题四 第1讲 定语从句
第1讲定语从句在复合句中,修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。Arealfriendissomeonewho①walksinwhentherestoftheworldwalkout.Arealfriendissomeonewhose②supportwecancounton.Arealfriendissomeonewho①seesourtrueself,notjustthefacewho/whom/that③weshowtotheworld.Yetthesedays,themoderntoolsthatkeepusconnectedareeatingawayatthemeaningoffriendship.Wemaybeabletomakemanyfriendsonline,butthesefriendshipscanbequiteshallow.Socialmedialikeblogshascomebetweenusandthefriendswho/whom/that③welove.Textingandmessagingcannottaketheplaceofface-to-facechatting.“Sharing”ourexperiencesonsocialmediaisnotenoughtoexpressthevalueswhich/that④mattermosttous.“Liking”ourfriends’photosonlinedoesnotdeveloptheconnectionwhich/that④weshare.Tomakefriendsarealpartofourlives,weshouldputdownoursmartphonesandmeettheminperson.[规则感悟]①关系词指人作主语,可以用who,that引导。若先行词为someone,anyone,one等时,关系词只能用who。②关系词作定语,用whose引导,既可以指人也可以指物。③关系词指人作宾语,可以用who,whom,that引导。④关系词指物作主语或宾语,可以用which,that引导。1.who,whom和whose引导的定语从句。(1)who和whom都指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom在定语从句中作宾语,在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。(2)whose指人的或物的,在定语从句中作定语,指物时可用ofwhich代替,指人时可用ofwhom代替。Somepeoplewhoaresuccessfullanguagelearnersoftenfailinotherfields.有些成功的语言学习者,在其他领域常常会失败。Ihavemanyfriends(who/whom)I’mgoingtosendpostcardsto.我有很多朋友,我打算寄明信片给他们。Myeldestson,whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.我的大儿子目前在纽约,他的工作使他在全世界到处跑。2.that和which引导的定语从句that代替的先行词可以是人也可以是物,但是which代替的先行词只能是物。使用这两个关系词要注意以下两点:(1)6种只用that引导定语从句的情况。①先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,something,little,much,none,few,theone等不定代词时。②先行词被all,any,few,every,no,little,much,some等修饰时。③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。④先行词被theonly,thevery(正是,恰是),thelast修饰时。⑤先行词既有人又有物时。⑥当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。(2)4种只用which引导定语从句的情况。①引导非限制性定语从句时。②先行词为物,关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前时。③先行词本身是that时。④关系代词后有插入语时。3.as引导的定语从句as引导限制性定语从句主要用于thesame...as...,such...as...和so...as...结构中。as既可以指人也可以指物,在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。Wehavefoundthesamematerialsasareusedintheirfactory.我们已经找到了和他们工厂里使用的一样的材料。Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售了。4.引导非限制性定语从句时as与which的区别关系词位置不同表意不同as既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,有时还可插入主句中意为“正如……”,后面的谓语动词多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等which通常放在主句之后意为“这一点”或“这件事”等Asanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.正如每个人所看到的一样,这头大象像一条蛇。Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.正如报道的那样,吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。Shemarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.她再婚了,这是始料未及的。5.定语从句中的主谓一致(1)关系代词作从句的主语时,从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致;先行词是句子时,从句的谓语动词用单数。Therecorderthathasbeengiventomeishomemade.给我的那台录音机是国产的。(2)“oneof+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词,且关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词常用复数,但当one前有the、theonly、thevery等修饰时,从句的谓语动词要用单数。Heisoneofthestudentswhohavemadegreatprogress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasmadegreatprogress.他是这些学生中唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。对点练习1.BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool____________givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.(2021·浙江1月)2.DrRowan,____________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.3.Theladywho____________(be)standingbehindthecounterismysister.4.____________iswidelyaccepted,intheMiddleEastArabsgreeteachotherbytouchingnoses,butthisisnotapolitewayofgreetinginothercultures.5.Whentheymetagain,thetwofriendstalkedaboutlotsofthingsandpersons____________theycouldrememberintheschool.6.ThenMrGreenreadsomereviewsoftheplay,__________saiditwasaterribleone.Arecentsurveyhasfoundthatmanypeoplesufferfromsleepproblems.Someareunabletofallasleep,somewakeupinthemiddleofthenight,andotherssimplydonotgetenoughsleep.Oneofthereasonswhy①peoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepispressurefromschoolorwork.Noisepollutionandlightpollutioninbigcitiesmayalsocontributetosleepproblems.Intheshortterm,peoplewithsleepproblemsoftenfeeltiredandhavetroubleconcentrating.Inthelongterm,theymaybeatincreasedriskofhavingapoormemory,beingoverweightandsufferingaheartattack.Sleepproblemsareespeciallydangerousforteenagers.Theyarestillgrowing,andnightisthetimewhen②theirbodiesgrowfaster.Teenagerswhodonotsleepwellmayexperiencesituationswhere③bodydevelopmentslowsdown,andtheirhealthsuffers.So,ifyouhavetroublegettingagoodnight’ssleep,itmightbetimetomakesomechangesinyourlifestyle.[规则感悟]①先行词表示原因,关系词在从句中作状语,用关系副词why。②先行词表示时间,关系词在从句中作状语,用关系副词when。③先行词表示情况,关系词在从句中作状语,用关系副词where。1.关系副词指代的先行词及其作用。先行词关系副词在从句中的作用与“介词+关系代词”的关系表示时间的名词:time,day,year等when作时间状语=at/in/on/duringwhich表示场所的名词:park,place,country,house等where作地点状语=in/at/to/onwhich表示原因的名词:reasonwhy作原因状语=forwhichWeliveinanagewhen(inwhich)moreinformationisavailablewithgreateasethaneverbefore.我们生活在一个比以前任何时候都容易获得更多信息的时代。Theschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway.我只在那里上了两年学的那所学校离这里有3000米远。Thereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidn’tpassthedrivingtestwasthathelackedpractice.他没有通过驾照考试的原因是他缺乏练习。2.有时先行词是表示抽象地点的名词,像activity,business,career,case,job,point,position,race,stage,situation等,当从句中缺少状语时,用关系副词where。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatefromeachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。3.先行词occasion意为“时机”时,用关系副词when;意为“场合”时,用关系副词where。Icanrememberveryfewoccasionswhenhehadtocancelameetingbecauseofillhealth.我记得他很少有因为健康不佳而不得不取消会议的情况。Takingherwithmeono
本文标题:专题四 第1讲 定语从句
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