第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第一册 Unit 4　Natural Disasters

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．tornadon．(pl.-oesor-os)龙卷风；旋风2．droughtn．旱灾；久旱3．landsliden．(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡4．tsunamin．海啸5．volcaniceruption火山喷发6．magnituden．(地)震级；重大7．evacuatevt.疏散；撤出vi.撤离8．helicoptern．直升机9．crackn．裂纹；裂缝vi.&vt.(使)破裂10．brickn．砖；砖块11．metaln．金属12．revivevt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒13．revivaln．振兴；复苏14．unifyvi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体15．volcanon．(pl.-oesor-os)火山16．eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出17．typhoonn．台风18．hurricanen．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风19．whistlevi.吹口哨；发出笛声vt.吹口哨n．哨子(声)；呼啸声20．kitn．成套工具；成套设备21．firstaidkit急救箱Ⅱ.记重点单词1．disastern．灾难；灾害2．slidevi.&vt.(slid，slid)(使)滑行；滑动3．floodn．洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没4．rescuen．&vt.营救；救援5．damagevt.损害；破坏n．损坏；损失6．destroyvt.摧毁；毁灭7．sheltern．避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)8．ruinn．&vt.破坏；毁坏9．percentn．百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中10．trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n．险境；陷阱11．buryvt.埋葬；安葬12．effortn．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力13．contextn．上下文；语境；背景14．supplyn．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给15．tapvi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲16．pipen．管子；管道17．calmadj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静18．aidn．援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt.(formal)帮助；援助19．crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞击n．撞车；碰撞20．sweepvt.&vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫21．waven．海浪；波浪vi.&vt.挥手；招手22．strikevi.&vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打n．罢工；罢课；袭击Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．deathn．死；死亡→deadadj.死的→deadlyadj.致命的→diev．死亡2．affectvt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effectn．效果；结果；影响→effectiveadj.有效的3．shockn．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→shockingadj.令人震惊的→shockedadj.感到震惊的4．electricityn．电；电能→electricadj.电的；用电的→electronicadj.电子的5．breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn．呼吸→breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的6．wisdomn．智慧；才智→wiseadj.明智的→unwiseadj.不明智的7．suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→sufferingn．受难；苦楚→sufferern．受苦者；受难者8．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→survivaln．幸存；生还→survivorn．幸存者；生还者9．powern．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerfuladj.强大的；强壮的→powerlessadj.无力的10．emergencyn．突发事件；紧急情况→emergentadj.紧急的→emergevi.浮现；出现11．delivervt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→deliveryn．投递；送交12．summaryn．总结；概括；概要→summariz(s)evt.&vi.总结；概括13．lengthn．长；长度→longadj.长的→lengthenv．(使)变长1．ambulancen．救护车2．ancientadj.古代的3．anniversaryn．周年纪念日4．annualadj.每年的5．antiquen．古董，古玩6．apartmentn．公寓7．apparentadj.表面上的；明显的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．asif似乎；好像；仿佛2．inruins严重受损；破败不堪3．inshock震惊；吃惊4．intheopenair露天；在户外5．onhand现有(尤指帮助)6．sweepaway消灭；彻底消除7．refusetodosth拒绝做某事8．thenumberof...……的数量9．asusual像往常一样10．cometoanend告终；结束Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.(too...to...)鸡甚至猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。2．Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！(asif引导的虚拟语气)仿佛世界末日即将来临！3．Water，food，andelectricitywerehardtoget.(主语＋be＋adj.＋todo)很难得到水、食物和电。4．Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.(thosewho...)地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。5．Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday，killingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，andatleastfourothercountries.(现在分词短语作结果状语)过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。6．Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.(bedoing...when...正在做……突然……)我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。death，suffer，breathe，deliver，damage，strike，bury，shockDisasterssuchastornadoes，droughts，floods，landslides，volcaniceruptions，typhoons，hurricanesandearthquakeshavecomeoneafteranother，causinggreat1.____________tomanycountries.Insummary，theearthquakehastheworsteffects.The1976Tangshanearthquakecausedmorethan240,0002.________.90percentofhomeslayinruinsandpeople3.__________alot.Food，waterandelectricitywerehardtoget.Everywherethe4.____________survivorssawdestroyedbricks，deepcracksinvillagewellsanduselessmetalsasiftheworldwereatanend.Rescueteamswhowereinshockdugoutthetrapped,5.__________thedead，andbuiltsheltersintheopenair.Withunifiedeffortsandwisdomofallpeople，thecityreviveditselfandbeganto6.__________again.Earthquakesundertheseacanalsocausetsunamis.Thetsunamithat7.__________Asiain2004crashedintocoastlines.Hugewavessweptawaymanypeople.Foreigncountriesaidedtheseareasby8.____________foodandsuppliesbyhelicopters.(Tipsforemergencywhichaffectspeoplegreatly：※Keepcalm※Taponapipeorwhistleforhelp※Stayawayfrompowerlines※Surviveonwhatyouhaveonhand※Keepfirstaidkitsathome)提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇affectv．影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭；使感染(effectn．影响；结果；效果effectiveadj.有效的)•beaffectedby受……的影响；被……感动beaffectedwith感染……疾病•haveaneffect/influenceon/upon对……产生影响(1)Wemusttake____________(effect)measurestopreventnaturaldisastersinadvance.(2)得知你由于感染了重病而回爱尔兰，我非常抱歉。(2020·浙江7月，应用文写作)LearningthatyouhavereturnedtoIrelandbecause_________________________________，Iamterriblysorryaboutit.(3)总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)Insummary，theEnglishnewspaperYouth________.____________________________________countlessmovingstoriesinthenewspaper.shockvt.(使)震惊n．休克；震惊；令人震惊的事(shockedadj.感到震惊的shockingadj.令人震惊的)•beashockto...对……而言是一件震惊的事inshock吃惊地，震惊地•beshockedatsth/that...对……感到震惊beshockedtodosth因做某事而感到震惊(1)Lookingatthehousewhichlayinruins________shock，hecalled911immediatelytorescuetheinjuredpeoplewhoweretrapped.(2)Allofuswere____________atthe________newsthatmanydeathshadbeencausedbythemountainfire.(shock)(3)Iwasshocked____________(hear)thenewsthathiscargotcrashedtheotherdayseriously.Thenewswas