第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第三册 Unit 4　Adversity and Courage

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．adversityn．困境；逆境2．expeditionn．探险；远征；探险队3．endurancen．忍耐力；耐久力4．cupboardn．橱柜；壁橱；衣柜5．stewardn．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员6．crushvt.毁坏；压坏；压碎n．拥挤的人群7．stoven．炉具；厨房灶具8．banjon．班卓琴(乐器)9．voyagen．&vi.航海；航行10．navyn．海军；海军部队11．decentadj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的12．cosyadj.温馨的；舒适的13．crewn．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人14．rugbyn．橄榄球运动15．corporateadj.公司的；法人的；社团的16．navigatorn．领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者17．episoden．(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲18．motiven．动机；原因；目的Ⅱ.记重点单词1．wagen．工资2．bitteradj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的3．vigour(＝vigor)n．精力；力量；活力4．sinkvi.(sank/sunk，sunk)沉没；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没5．abandonvt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃6．blanketn．毯子7．miserableadj.痛苦的；令人难受的8．good/bad-temperedadj.脾气好的/坏的9．genuineadj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的10．thoroughadj.深入的；彻底的；细致的11．furnituren．家具12．barkvi.&n．(狗)吠叫；吠叫声；厉声质问13．batn．球拍；蝙蝠vi.&vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打14．dampadj.潮湿的；湿气重的15．recreationn．娱乐；消遣；游戏16．nephewn．侄子；外甥17．roughadj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的18．motorn．发动机；马达adj.有引擎的；机动车的19．candidaten．候选人；应试者Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．qualifiedadj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualifyv．(使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualificationn．资格；资历；资格证书2．enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasticallyadv.热情地→enthusiasmn．热情；热忱3．aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→boardv．上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿n．木板；董事会；伙食4．assignvt.分派；布置；分配→assignmentn．任务；作业；分配5．envyn．&vt.羡慕；妒忌→enviousadj.忌妒的；羡慕的6．belongingsn．[pl.]财物；动产→belongvi.属于；应在(某处)7．selfishadj.自私的→selfishlyadv.自私地→selfishnessn．自私8．perseverancen．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→perseverevi.坚持；孜孜以求9．resolvevi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n．决心；坚定的信念→resolutionn．决议；解决；坚定；决心10．crueladj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruellyadv.残忍地；残酷地→crueltyn．残忍；残酷11．unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately(反)adv.幸运地→fortunen．运气；财产→fortunateadj.幸运的12．guidancen．指导；引导；导航→guiden．导游；指南vt.带领；引导；为……领路13．advertisingn．广告活动；广告业→advertisevt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisementn．广告；宣传14．loyaladj.忠诚的；忠实的→loyaltyn．忠诚；忠实15．commitmentn．承诺；保证；奉献→commitvt.犯(错误、罪行等)vi.&vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的1．messn．凌乱2．midnightn．午夜3．mildadj.温和的；轻微的4．mineraln．矿物质，矿物5．ministern．部长；牧师6．minorityn．少数；少数民族7．misleadingadj.误导性的8．mixturen．混合；混合物Ⅳ.背核心短语1．turnsbdown拒绝(某人)2．makefire生火3．giveoff放出(热、光、气味或气体)4．dreamof/about梦想5．attheageof在……岁时6．beenthusiasticabout对……充满热情7．become/bestuckin陷于8．throwaway扔掉9．managetodosth设法做成某事10．gofrombadtoworse每况愈下Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．BelowaresomeofBlackborow’sdiaryentries.(全部倒装)以下是布莱克博罗的一些日记摘录。2．Beforeweabandonedtheship，Shackletoncalmlycalledustogetherandtoldustorescueourmostessentialsupplies—thesmallboats，ourfood，thecookstove，candles，clothes，andblankets.(before引导的时间状语从句)在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把我们召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——小船、食物、炉子、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。3．HowcouldIbecomeasselfishandbad-temperedasThomasOrde-Lees！(as...as...)我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！4．Itwilleventuallyleadtosuccessaslongasyoupersevere.(aslongas只要)只要你坚持，最终就会成功。5．Ifitweren’tforseaanimals，wewouldallstarve.(if引导的虚拟条件句)要是没有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。qualified，resolve，aboard，fortunate，sink，enthusiasticBorninawealthyfamily，mynephew，Jack，leadssuchathoroughlydecentandcosylifethathehardlymeetswithcrueladversities.Hehasbeendreamingofanadventuresincehewasyoung.At18，Jack1.____________tojoinanexpeditionadvertisedinthenewspaper，buttheleaderturnedhimdownbecausehethoughtJackwasnot2.__________.Fullofvigour，Jackneverabandonedhisdreamforhewasso3.__________aboutagreatvoyage.At19，hejoinedthenavyandwasassignedtobeastewardwithlowwages.Onabittercoldday，thecrewwent4.________amassiveshipboundforAtlanticOcean.Jackwasgenuine，good-temperedandloyalandhewasn’tselfish，either.Heoftenplayedthebanjoforrecreation.Sothosewhowereontheshipalllikedhim.Unfortunately，oneday，themotorbrokedownandtheshipgotcrushedonahugeiceberg.Whentheshipsank，theirheartsalso5.________.Atthattime，thecalmcaptainmadeacommitmenttosavethemandcommandedthemtothrowawaytheirbelongingssuchasstoves，blankets，bats，cupboardsandotherpiecesoffurniture.Finally，theywere6.__________enoughtoescapetheship.Itwastheirendurance，resolutionandperseverancethathelpedthemsurvive.Onthedistantisland，Jackmanagedtomakefirewithanimalfat，whichgaveoffasmellysmellandthenhecookedseaanimals.Onemonthlater，theyweresavedbyapassingship.Insummary，ithasbeenamiserablebutunforgettableepisodeinJack’slife.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的(enthusiasticallyadv.热情地；热心地enthusiasmn．热情；热忱)•beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth对(做)某事热情•lack/befullofenthusiasm缺乏/充满热情withenthusiasm(＝enthusiastically)热情地(1)Heisselfishandbad-temperedandthus，hewillneverbeenthusiastic________helpingthoseintrouble.(2)我不仅充满热情而且容易相处，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(申请信之个人优势)______________________________________________，whichmakesmequalifiedforthevoluntaryworkadvertisedinthenewspaper.(3)尽管失败了几次，伯纳德和约翰仍然热情地做爆米花。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)BernardandJohnstill________________________________inspiteofseveralfailures.aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)[boardvt.&vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)n．木板；董事会；伙食broadadj.宽阔的；广阔的abroadadv.在/到国外；在/到海外]•goaboard上船(飞机、火车等)•onboard在船(火车、飞机等)上•goabroad出国(1)他身材高大，肩膀宽阔，留着胡子，总是满面笑容。(读后续写之外貌描写)Heistall__________________________andabeardandalways________________________.(2)得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。(应用文写作之告知信)________________________________________________，I’mwritingtoinformyouofsomenecessarydo’sanddon’ts.(3)这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西、说话、大笑，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。①Theinstant_____________________