重难点01 阅读理解推理判断题-2024年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（新高考专用）（解析版）

【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】重难点01阅读理解推理判断题推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一，包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章陷含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。预计2024年高考推理判断题仍旧占比5-7题。近3年新高考推理判断题数据分析试卷类型年份篇序体裁话题题量新高考I卷2023B记叙文生态设计2C说明文数字机简主义2D议论文集体商议的智慧1新高考II卷2023B记叙文学小菜园项目1C说明文阅读艺术2D说明文人类与大自然互动2新高考I卷2022A应用文评分原则1B议论文不要浪费食物2C新闻报道让养老院的老人养鸡1D说明文语音演变1新高考II卷2022A应用文儿童博物馆团体游1B夹叙夹议孙子误把儿童读物当平板电脑2C说明文科学技术1D说明文锻炼对心脏的好处1新高考I卷2021B记叙文翻乐谱的男子RobertTitterman1新高考II卷2021B夹叙夹议照顾两只幼虎1C说明文推动艺术教育的发展1【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】1：推断隐含意义QuestionForms:解题技巧：1．Scanning，找到相关信息点2．Studyreading，不但理解表层，而且要由表及里、由浅入深地分析3．推理，以文中提供的信息为依据，结合常识，作出符合逻辑的推断2：推断观点态度QuestionForms:解题技巧：根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。3：推断写作目的QuestionForms:解题技巧：1.找主旨2.看文体――根据文章结构和措辞(1)toentertainreaders常见于故事类的文章(2)topersuadereaders常见于广告类的文章(3)toinformreaders/offerinformation/tips多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章.4：推断文章出处QuestionForms:解题技巧：这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处:A.报纸:前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。B.广告:因其格式特殊,容易辨认。C.产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。D.网站：文中会出现click（点击），online（在线）,web（网络）,website（网址）等字眼。5：推断下续内容QuestionForms:例题分析：1．把握作者写作思路【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】2．把握文章结构，注意最后一段内容，特别是最后几句话。典例一(2023年新高考I卷B)WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”26．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A．ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans.B．ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C．TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs.D．ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.27．WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A．Naturecanrepairitself.B．Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C．LifeonEarthisdiverse.D．Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【答案】26．B27．A26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse典例分析【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。典例二(2023年新高考I卷C)Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcl