重难点08 完形填空说明文-2024年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（新高考专用）（解析版）

资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】重难点08完形填空说明文说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。预计2024年高考完形填空对词汇的考查仍将以实词为主，且突出语境化的特点。在备考过程中，考生应注意夯实基础词汇知识，增加词汇储备量，尤其要注意课标词汇中的多义词、派生词等，同时提高语言运用能力。1.快速弄清文章大意对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。2.弄清楚说明的顺序把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。3.把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。4.注重上下文语境应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。典例一典例分析资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】（2023·江苏南通·统考二模）Childrenmodelthemselveslargelyontheirparents.Theydosomainlythroughidentification.Children1aparentwhentheybelievetheyhavethequalitiesandfeelingsthatare2ofthatparent.Thethingsparentsdoandsay—andthe3theydoandsaytothem—thereforestronglyinfluenceachild’sbehavior.Therefore,parentsmust4behavelikethetypeofpersontheywanttheirchildtobecome.What’smore,aparent’sactionscanalso5theself-imagethatachildformsthroughidentification.Childrenwhoseemainlypositivequalitiesintheirparentswilllikelylearntoseethemselvesinapositiveway.Childrenwhoobservechiefly6qualitiesintheirparentswillhavedifficultyseeingpositivequalitiesinthemselves.Childrenmaymodifytheirself-image,7,astheybecomeincreasinglyinfluencedbypeersgroupsstandardsbeforetheyreach13.Apositiveattitudeandself-imageplayanimportantrolewhenchildren8somethingunexpected.Isolatedevents,evendramaticones,donotnecessarilyhavea9effectonachild’sbehavior.Childreninteractsucheventsaccordingtotheirestablishedattitudesand10training.Childrenwhoknowtheyarelovedcan,forexample,acceptthe11oftheirparentsoraparent’searlydeath.Butifchildrenfeel12,theymayinterpretsucheventsasasignofrejectionor13.Inthesameway,allchildrenarenotinfluenced14bytoysandgames,readingmatter,andtelevisionprograms.Asinthecaseofadramaticchangeinfamilyrelations,theeffectofanactivityorexperiencedependsonhowthechild15it.1．A．apologizetoB．approveofC．attendtoD．allowfor2．A．thoughtfulB．characteristicC．consciousD．cautious3．A．timeB．placeC．wayD．extent4．A．consistentlyB．barelyC．conciselyD．originally5．A．respondB．imitateC．conveyD．affect6．A．positiveB．complexC．negativeD．concrete7．A．howeverB．thereforeC．anyhowD．otherwise8．A．turndownB．sortoutC．stickwithD．comeacross9．A．upliftingB．permanentC．temporaryD．distracting10．A．intenseB．realisticC．previousD．educational11．A．financeB．marriageC．assistanceD．divorce12．A．isolatedB．attendedC．unlovedD．stressed13．A．punishmentB．discriminationC．assessmentD．transformation14．A．evenB．alikeC．atallD．asawhole15．A．interpretsB．anticipatesC．accomplishesD．maintains典例二（2023·山东淄博·统考三模）ChatGPThasbeeneverywhereforthelastfewmonths.Itraises16资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】abouttheirimpactoneverythinghappeninginoursociety.ChatGPTisanaturallanguageprocessingtool17byAItechnologythatallowsyoutohavehuman-like18andmuchmore.Thelanguagemodelcananswerquestionsand19youwithtasks,suchascomposingemails,essays,andcode.The20toproducefrequentlyaccurateresponsestoavastrangeofquestionsiswhyitbecamethefastest-growingappofalltime,21100millionusersinonlytwomonths.Thefactthatitcanalso22essays,articles,andpoetryhasonly23itsappeal.Itisalsoequally24atcodingandproductivitytasks.Fortheformer,itsabilityto25codefromnaturalspeechmakesitapowerfulpartnerforbothnewand26coders.Despitelookingveryimpressive,ChatGPTstillhas27.Suchrestrictionsincludetheinabilitytoanswerquestionsthatarewordedina28way,asitrequiresrewordingtounderstandtheinputquestion.Abiggerlimitationisalackofqualityinthe29itdelivers.Anothermajorlimitationisthatitsdataislimitedupto2021.Thechatrobotdoesnothaveany30ofeventsornewsthathaveoccurredsincethen.Lastly,ChatGPTdoesnotprovidesourcesforitsresponses.16．A．requestsB．concernsC．emotionsD．doubts17．A．drivenB．followedC．inspiredD．entertained18．A．conflictsB．challengesC．interestsD．conversations19．A．manageB．controlC．assistD．accompany20．A．abilityB．chanceC．responsibilityD．purpose21．A．consultingB．reachingC．introducingD．counting22．A．causeB．returnC．existD．generate23．A．addedtoB．connectedtoC．devotedtoD．owedto24．A．determinedB．equippedC．talentedD．alarmed25．A．saveB．createC．chooseD．describe26．A．cautiousB．untrainedC．familiarD．experienced27．A．limitationsB．possibilitiesC．requirementsD．advantages28．A．rightB．suitableC．specificD．natural29．A．approachesB．responsesC．contributionD．sensitivity30．A．noticeB．questionC．feelingD．awareness（建议用时：20分钟/篇）1.（2023·江苏·统考模拟预测）DuringmyfreshmanyearatBrooklynCollege,creditcardcompanieswereeagertoearnthebusinessofstudents.1byvariousrewardsprogramsthatonlytoldpartofthestory,many资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】studentssignedupforoneormorecardswithoutunderstandingthe2oflatepayment.3basicfinancialliteracy(金融素养)meantmanycollegestudentsstartedofftheiradultliveswithpoorcredit.4,theyfacedchallengeslaterinlifewhentheyneededtoborrowmoneybutcouldn’t5alow-interestloan.Poorcredit6mepastcollegeandyearsintomyteachingcareer.Thathasfueledmysenseof7toteachthenextgenerationofstudentsa