题型20 概要写作（答题模板与解题技巧）-备战2024年高考英语答题技巧与模板构建 （解析版）

题型20概要写作01题型解读02答题模板构建03满分词汇模板04满分句型模板命题特点概要写作属于限制性写作，是阅读理解和写作的双向考查。命题解读：1.提供的一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。2.所给短文以说明文和议论文为主。3.在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想的前提下，用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩文章的内容和观点。写作要求：1.要点齐全。评分的重要方面即是要点齐全，避免因信息获取不准确而导致概要要点不齐全。同时又要把握文本的整体和部分之间的逻辑关系。2.灵活转换。考生应当使用不同的词或句式如，同义词、近义词和反义词变换来替换词汇，表达与原有表达内容相同的意义，通过改变原有句子中个别词和词组在句中充当的语法成分或变换句式来实现句子重构。3.语言精炼。用抽象的、概括性的语言代替具体形象的语言，利用概括的方法对文本内容进行提炼，用删略的方法替换不重要或不必要的细节。4.书写规范。概要写作对考生的书写、拼写和标点符号要求不能影响交际，尤其是拼写和标点符号被视为评价语言准确性的一个重要方面，书写较差则直接影响评分档次。第一步浏览全文，明确文章体，了解短文大意，确定主题句。（段首、段中或段尾）第二步细读文章，锁定关键信息。第三步列写作要点，整合成句。第四步连句成篇，工整眷写。【典例】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdiscase,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好处)ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18century.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist，encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.【满分句型模板之锁定主题句】Para.1:However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Para.2:Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease.Para.3:Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18century.Para.4:Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.【满分句型模板之要点陈列】Para.1:fixed（确定的；不便的）Para.2:means（方法，手段），blockout（挡住），washoff（清楚掉，清洗掉），openup（打开），upon（一......就，立即）。Para.3:long-lived（长期存在的），selltheidea（说服某人接受某观点）。Para.4:warnoff（警告某人不要靠近），gainsomeground（获得优势）。【满分句型模板之连词成句】1.Differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsdirt.2.Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.3.Howeverpeoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.4.However,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.【满分作文模板】（要点1）Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.（要点2）However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.（要点3）However，somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.1．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容写一篇60词左右的概要。MicroplasticsinWater—aWake-upCallforAllofUsTodayresearchersannouncedthattheyhavefoundtinypiecesofplasticinwatersamplesfromaroundtheworld.Thesepiecesarecalledmicroplasticsandaresosmallthattheyareinvisibletothenakedeyeandareverydifficulttoremovefromthewater.Wheninthewater,theyareswallowedbyfishandotheranimalsandthenenterthefoodchain.Evenmoreconcerningisthefactthattheplastichasalsobeenfoundindrinkingwateracrosstheworld.Thismeansthatwearedrinkingplasticeveryday.Scientistsdonotknowwhatlevelofharmthiswillcauseusinthefuture.Microplasticscomefromanumberofdifferentsources,inparticularfromwashinganddryingsynthetic(non-natural)clothingandfromcosmeticsandcleaningproducts,suchastoothpasteandfacewashes.Microplasticsareevenfoundintheairoutsideandatourhomes.Almosteverycountryacrosstheworldagreesthatwecannotcontinueusingsomuchplasticinourlives.Weneedtofindasolutiontoremovemicroplasticsfromouroceans.Wealsoneedtointroducenewtaxesandothermeanstoencouragecompaniestochooseenvironment-friendlyingredientsandrecyclablepackagingfortheirproducts.Weneedtotakepersonalresponsibility,too.Weallhavethefreedomtochoosehowwespendourmoneyandwhatkidsofbusinessandproductswesupport.Let’sworktogethertoprotectourenvironment,bothnowandforthefuture.Remember:Reduce—Reuse—Recycle.(244words)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________