机械力化学活化煤矸石的试验研究

南京工业大学硕士学位论文机械力化学活化煤矸石的试验研究姓名：芋艳梅申请学位级别：硕士专业：材料加工工程指导教师：张少明;方莹20060601ISiO2Al2O3159732001CB610703P4α-80022.77g/cm35h10µm10hIIX-XRDFT-IRα-Al-OSi-OXRDSEM2028d4028d44.1MPaCaONa2SO453CaO2Na2SO45028d48.1MPaC-S-HNa6[AlSiO4]6·4H2OIIIAbstractCoalgangueisindustrialsolidresiduesthataredischargedwhencoalmineisbuilt,coalisexcavatedandprocessedintheproductioncourseofcoalmine,andisoneofthemostindustrialsolidcastoffsinourcountry.ItsmajorchemicalcompositionsareSiO2andAl2O3etc.,anditsmineralcompositionsmainlyareclaymineralssuchasKaolinite,IlliteMontmorilloniteandBoehmite,Quartz,Calcite,Pyrite,Feldsparandsoon.Coalganguethatstoredupinlargequantitiesnotonlyblocksthesustaineddevelopmentofcoalmine,butalsoseriouslypollutestheenvironment.Thereforethedisposalandtheefficientuseofcoalganguehavebecomeanenvironmentalproblem.Manycountriesintheworldpayattentiontotheapplicationofcoalgangueandregarditasakindofnewresource.Inrecentyears,coalganguemoreandmoreextensivelyhasbeensyntheticallyusedathomeandabroad,amongwhichitwasappliedtoresearchontheproductionofcementexcessively,butitsutilizationratehasbeenlowerandnowthecomprehensiveutilizationrateinourcountrydoesnotgoto15%yet.Inordertomeettheneedofsustainabledevelopmentstrategy,thebasicresearchaboutcoalganguehasalreadybeenincludedin‘973’planofcountry,namely“nationalkeybasicresearchdevelopmentprogramming”project(serialnumber:2001CB610703).Thissubjectarisesatthehistoricmomentintheproject,anditspurposeistoofferfeasibleexperimentbasisforcomprehensiveutilizationofthiskindofwasteresidueeffectivelythroughtheresearchofactivationcourseofcoalgangueusedforcomplementarycementitiouscomponent.Inthepastyears,theresearchonmechano-chemistryhasdrawnattentionsofincreasingresearchers.Itwasalreadyprovedthatthemechanicalcrushing,especiallythesuper-finecrushingwasnotasimplephysicalprocess,butakindofcomplicatedphysical-chemicalprocess.Mechano-chemicaleffectbroughtintheprocessofmechanicalforceactsonsolidcanactivateitspotentialreactivity.Themechano-chemistrywasthescienceonthechangeofsolidstatus,crystallinestructureandAbstractIVphysical-chemicalchangescausedbymechanicalforce.Startingfromtheactivationofcoalgangue,inthispapermechano-chemicalactivationandchemicalactivationareappliedaftertheprocessheatactivation.Thepurposeiscoalganguecansubstitutepartofclinker,andlesserclinkerandwasteresidueactivatedfurthestcanbeappliedtoproducingcementwithhigh-performance.Inthispaper,coalganguecalcinedisgroundinP4high-energyplanetarymill.Theprocessbringsoutmechano-chemicaleffectwhichresultsinchangesofphysicalproperties,microstructureandreactivityofcoalgangue.Thetestresultsareasfollows:Shandongcoalgangue’smineralcompositionsmainlyareα-quartzandKaoliniteandthebestheatactivationsystemiscalciningfor2hoursinthetemperatureof800thencooling.Studyingthegranularity,densityandappearancechangeofcoalganguepowderindifferenttime,theresultsfollowedcanbefoundthatininitialstagesgrainarebrokenupspeedilyandthedensityincreases,thenthegrainsarereunitedbyweakbonds.Next,theweakconglomerationissmashed,granularitydistributionbecomesnarrowandgrainsareaccumulatedclose.Aftergrindingpersists10hours,partsoffinegrainsarereunitedintoagglomerationandgrindingprocessreachesthebalancebetweencomminutionandreuniting.Inthewholegrindingprocess,thepowderappearanceofcoalganguegraduallybrokeupintoanalogouslyglobaltinygrainswithroughsurfacefromtheprimitivelyirregularbiggerlumpgradually.WiththeaidofmodernmethodoftestingsuchasXRDandFT-IR,analysisandstudyaremadeonmicrostructurecharacteristicchangesofcoalgangueindifferenttime.TheresultsshowedthatgrindingmakesKaolinitecrystalgraduallydisappears,α-quartzcrystalwithsteadystructuregivesbirthtodefectsandbecomesamorphous.TheremarkablechangesofchemicalbondenergyandstructureofAl-OandSi-Obondstakeplaceandtheinner-energyofthesystemincreases.Inordertoanalyzetheinfluencemechano-chemicaleffectonactivityofcoalgangue,coalganguegroundindifferenttimeareadmixedintocementclinkerwithdifferentcontents,thenthepropertiesandhydrationprocessofthecompositecementarestudied.Theresultsshowthat,asthecoalganguewithsamegranularity,thestrengthofcompoundcementdecreaseswiththecontentincrease,whileasthesameVcontent,thestrengthincreasewiththegranularitydeclineandgrindingtimeprolongs.When20%ofcoalganguemilledinhigh-energyballmillisadmixedintocement,the28dstrengthisupto53.8MPa,and40%ofitisadmixedintocementtogetcementmortarstrengthof44.1MPa.Finercoalgangueparticles,waterrequirementofnormalconsistencygetsmoreandsettingtimeshortens.Andwhenthecontentincreases,waterrequirementincreasesandsettingtimeshortens.Inthispaper,theprojectthatusingCaOandNa2SO4ascompositeactivatorandphosphorusgypsumasset-controllingadmixtureandproducingcementwithlowclinkercontenthasbeentried.Thestrengthismeasuredandhydrationsystemisstudiedsothattheoptimalquotaratecanbefound.Amongtheseproportionplansinthepaper,thebestiscomposedof5phosphorusgypsum,3CaOand2Na2SO4.Ontheplan,thecontentofcoalganguecanbeupto50%andthepastestrengthofcompoundcementis48.1MPa.TherearenotonlyC-S-HgelandAftbutalsoamorphousaluminosilicategelw