刺五加中花青素提取工艺研究

大连工业大学2013届本科生毕业论文I摘要刺五加是我国东北地区典型的药用植物，有很高的营养价值。本实验以酿酒剩余的刺五加残渣中刺五加籽为原料，提取原花青素，增加刺五加的附加价值。本实验利用超声波辅助提取，从刺五加籽中提取原花青素，优化提取条件，并讨论光照、温度、常见金属离子对原花青素稳定性的影响。以原花青素的提取率为指标，通过单因素实验确立影响原花青素提取量的适宜条件，并通过正交实验确定提取的最佳条件。实验结果表明，原花青素提取的最佳工艺条件为：溶剂乙醇浓度为55%，刺五加籽和乙醇的料液比为1:50，超声时间为25min，超声功率为480W，提取率最高，可以达到0.792%。原花青素对光较为敏感。当温度低于60℃时，稳定性较好；当温度超过60℃时，其稳定性较差。所以原花青素应在低温避光的条件下储存、加工。对于常见金属离子，Cu2+对原花青素的影响较大，K+、Ca2+、Mg2+对原花青素影响较小，因此在原花青素提取、精制和加工过程中应尽量避免Cu2+的使用。关键词：刺五加；原花青素；超声波；提取；稳定性大连工业大学2013届本科生毕业论文IIAbstractAcanthopanaxisatypicalmedicinalplantinthenortheastofChina,withahighnutritionalvalue.ThisexperimentextractedproanthocyanidinsfromAcanthopanaxseedstoimprovetheAcanthopanaxvalue.UltrasonicwaveassistedextractionfromAcanthopanaxseedsandtheinfluenceoflight,temperatureandcommonmetallicionwerestudiedinthispaper.Withtheextractionratioasindex，theoptimalextractionconditionsweredeterminedbythesinglefactorandorthogonalexperiment.Intheultrasonicextractionexperiments,theresultsshowedthatthereactionconditionswereconcentrationofalcohol55%,solid-liquidratio1:35,ultrasonictime25min,ultrasonicpower480W,andextractionratioofproanthocyanidinswas0.792%.Proanthocyanidinsweresensitivetolight.Anditsstabilitywasbadwhenthetemperatureisover60℃.Soproanthocyanidinsshuoldbestoredundertheconditionoflowtemperatureanddarkness.ProanthocyanidinshadgoodstabilityforK+,Ca2+,Mg2+,andbadforCu2+.SoitshouldavoidusingCu2+intheprocessofextractingandrefiningproanthocyanidins.KeyWords:Acanthopanax;proanthocyanidins;ultrasonic;extraction;stability大连工业大学2013届本科生毕业论文III目录摘要................................................................................................................IAbstract...............................................................................................................II第一章文献综述................................................................................................11.1刺五加研究进展..........................................................................................11.1.1刺五加概述.......................................................................................11.1.2刺五加的主要营养物质...................................................................11.1.3刺五加药理作用................................................................................21.2原花青素概述..............................................................................................31.2.1原花青素的化学结构.......................................................................41.2.2原花青素的理化性质.......................................................................41.2.3原花青素的生理功能.......................................................................51.2.4原花青素的测定...............................................................................71.2.5原花青素的应用...............................................................................81.3提取原花青素的方法..................................................................................91.3.1水溶液浸提法...................................................................................91.3.2有机溶剂-水提取法.........................................................................91.3.3超声辅助提取法.............................................................................101.3.4微波提取法.....................................................................................101.3.5超临界二氧化碳萃取法.................................................................101.4本论文研究内容及目的............................................................................11第二章材料与方法..........................................................................................122.1实验材料.....................................................................................................122.1.1材料.................................................................................................122.1.2试剂与药品.....................................................................................122.1.2仪器与设备.....................................................................................122.2实验方法.....................................................................................................132.2.1原料的预处理.................................................................................132.2.2原花青素的提取.............................................................................13大连工业大学2013届本科生毕业论文IV2.2.2.1提取单因素实验...................................................................152.2.2.2提取正交实验......................................................................152.2.3原花青素的测定.............................................................................152.2.3.1标准曲线的绘制..................................................................152.2.3.2样品的测定..........................................................................152.2.4原花青素稳定性的研究.................................................................162.2.4.1光照对原花青素的影响..........................................................162.2.4.2温度对原花青素的影响..........................................................162.2.4.3金属离子对原花青素的影响..................................................16第三章实验结果与讨论........