年产25万吨合成氨造气工艺的设计

年产25万吨合成氨造气工艺的设计TheDesignofSynthesisAmmoniaGasificationProcessof250kt/a目录摘要.......................................................................IAbstract.................................................................II引言.......................................................................1第一章综述...........................................................21.1合成氨造气的意义和目的............................................21.2合成氨的优点.....................................................21.3合成氨的用途.....................................................21.4煤气化发展史.......................................................31.5煤气化技术发展趋势.................................................31.6生产方法的选择及论证...............................................31.6.1生产方法的介绍：.................................................41.6.2固定床气化法.................................................41.6.3流化床气化.......................................................41.6.4气流床气化........................................................51.6.5熔浴床气化...................................................5第二章常压固定床间歇气化法............................................72.1半水煤气定义........................................................72.2生产半水煤气对原料的选择............................................72.3半水煤气制气原理....................................................82.4发生炉内燃料分布情况................................................92.5生产流程的选择及论证................................................92.6间歇式气化的工作循环...............................................102.7间歇式制半水煤气工艺流程...........................................112.8间歇式制半水煤气的工艺条件.........................................12第三章工艺计算.........................................................153.1煤气发生炉（含燃烧室）的物料及热量衡算.............................153.2吹风阶段的物料衡算以及热量衡算.....................................173.2.1吹风阶段的物料衡算...............................................173.2.2吹风阶段的热量衡算：.............................................183.3制气阶段的计算.....................................................193.3.1制气阶段物料衡算.................................................193.3.2制气阶段热量衡算.................................................223.4总过程计算.........................................................243.4.1燃料使用分配.....................................................243.4.2每100kg燃料的生产指标...........................................243.4.3物料衡算.........................................................243.4.4热量衡算.........................................................263.5配气计算...........................................................273.6消耗定额...........................................................283.7吹净时间...........................................................283.8废热锅炉的热量衡算.................................................28第四章设备计算.........................................................344.1煤气炉指标计算.....................................................344.2煤气台数的确定.....................................................354.3空气鼓风机的选型及台数确定.........................................35结论................................................................................37致谢...............................................................错误!未定义书签。参考文献..........................................................................38附录................................................................................39I年产25万吨合成氨造气工艺的设计摘要:合成氨的第一阶段为造气阶段，也就相当于合成氨的龙头，并且大部分的能耗和污染都在造气阶段，所以说它的重要性是不可言喻的。合成氨造气生产半水煤气，经过比较本设计采用的是常压固定床间歇制气法，并且对间歇制气流程生产的选择与工作循环都作了阐述，此方法比较简单，使用空气和空气-水蒸汽作为气化剂，制得低热值半水煤气。对于本设计的工艺计算过程，可以在煤气发生炉（含燃烧室）、吹风阶段、制气阶段、以及总过程进行的物料衡算中得出每年25万吨合成氨需要的半水煤气为114583.33kg，块煤为29519.10kg。通过计算对合成氨造气工艺流程中的设备进行选型，在本设计中选择了Φ3000的U.G.I半水煤气发生炉。最后通过计算可得在本设计中对半水煤气发生炉需要20台，鼓风机需要12台。关键词：合成氨；半水煤气；造气工艺IITheDesignofSynthesisAmmoniaGasificationProcessof250kt/aAbstract；Syntheticammoniagasificationisthefirstphase,alseisequivalenttothehendofthesynthesisammonia,andmostoftheenergyconsumptionandpollutioninthegasificationstage,sotheimportanceisineffableofit.Syntheticammoniagasificationproductionthesemi-watergas,aftereomparisonthefixedbedintermittentgasificationmethodisusedinthedesignandthechoiceofintermittentgasificationprocesstoproduceandtheworkcyclearedescribed,Thismethodisrelativelysimple,theairandair-waterasthegasificationisused,lowcalorificofsemi-watergasisobtained.Thecalculationprocessforthedesignprocess,inthematerialbalancegasstoveofthe(includingcombustionchamber),blowingstagegas-making,andthetotalprocessisdroweveryyear250kt/aofsynthesisammonianeedsemi-watergasis114583.33kg,lumpcoalis29519.10kg.Bycalculatingthesynthesisammonictioniagas-makingprocessequipmentselectioninthisdesignchoseΦ3000U.G.Isemi-watergasgenerator.Finallybycomputingavailablesemi-watergasgeneratorneed20sets,blowerneed12setsinthedesign.Keywords:synthesisammonia;semi-watergas;thegasificationprocess1引言氨是一种重要的化工原料，特别是生产化肥的原料，它是由氢和氮合成。合成氨工业是氮肥工业的基础。为了生产氨，一般均以各种燃料为原料。首先，制成含H2和CO等组分的煤气，然后，采用各种净化方法，除去气体中的灰尘、H2S、有机硫化物、CO、CO2等有害杂质，以获得符合氨合成要求的洁净的1：3的氮氢混合气，最后，氮氢混合气经过压缩至15Mpa以上，借助催化剂合成氨。我国合成氨工业原料路线是煤汽油并举，以煤为主。合成产量60%以上是以煤为原料，全国现有1000多家大中小型以煤为原料的合成氨厂。煤的气化是煤转化技术中最主要的方面，并已获得广泛的应