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1、aquicklessoninwaysbusinessesareorganized熟谙听力\aquicklesson.mp3一个快速课的方式企业组织ThisistheVOASpecialEnglishEconomicsReport.这里是美国之音慢速英语经济报道。Businessesarestructuredindifferentwaystomeetdifferentneeds.企业存在不同的构成形式以满足不同需求。Thesimplestformofbusinessiscalledanindividualorsoleproprietorship.Theproprietorownsallofthepropertyofthebusinessandisresponsibleforeverything.最简单的一种企业构成形式就是独资企业,企业主拥有企业所有资产,也承担一切责任。Forlegalpurposes,withthiskindofbusiness,theownerandthecompanyarethesame.Thismeanstheproprietorgetstokeepalloftheprofitsofthebusiness,butmustalsopayanydebts.从法律上来讲,独资企业主等同于企业,这意味着企业主获取企业所有收益,也承担所有债务。Anotherkindofbusinessisthepartnership.Twoormorepeoplegointobusinesstogether.Anagreementisusuallyneededtodecidehowmuchofthepartnershipeachpersoncontrols.另外一种是合伙企业,由两个或两个以上的人合伙经营。合伙人之间通常必须拟定协议,以规定各自所控制的企业份额。Onekindofpartnershipiscalledalimitedliabilitypartnership.Thesehavefullpartnersandlimitedpartners.Limitedpartnersmaynotshareasmuchintheprofits,buttheyalsohavelessresponsibilityforthebusiness.其中一种合伙企业成为有限责任合伙企业。合伙人分为普通合伙人和有限责任合伙人。有限责任合伙人可能享受的收益不高,但他们相应承担的责任也少。Doctors,lawyersandaccountantsoftenformpartnershipstosharetheirrisksandprofits.Ahusbandandwifecanformabusinesspartnershiptogether.医生、律师和会计们经常组建合伙企业,共同分担风险和收益。夫妻也可以共同组建合伙企业。Partnershipsexistonlyforaslongastheownersremainalive.Thesameistrueofindividualproprietorships.合伙企业仅在企业主在世的情况下存在,独营企业也是如此。Butcorporationsaredesignedtohaveanunlimitedlifetime.Acorporationisthemostcomplexkindofbusinessorganization.但公司没有生存时间限制,这是最复杂的一种企业形式。Corporationscansellstockasawaytoraisemoney.Stockrepresentssharesofownershipinacompany.Investorswhobuystockcantradetheirsharesorkeepthemaslongasthecompanyisinbusiness.公司可以通过出售股票的形式筹集资金。股票代表公司所有权,股票投资人可以进行股票交易,也可以长期持有,只要公司仍在运营。Acompanymightusesomeofitsearningstopaydividendsasarewardtoshareholders.Orthecompanymightreinvestthemoneybackintothebusiness.公司可能会拿出一部分收益作为股息奖励给股东,也可能把钱再次投入公司运营。Ifshareslosevalue,investorscanloseallofthemoneytheypaidfortheirstock.Butshareholdersarenotresponsibleforthedebtsofthecorporation.如果股份丧失价值,投资者就会损失掉所有投到股票里的钱。但是股东不用对公司的债务承担责任。Acorporationisrecognizedasanentity--itsownlegalbeing,separatefromitsowners.公司被认为是一个合法存在的实体(即独立法人),与股东是分离的。Aboardofdirectorscontrolscorporatepolicies.Thedirectorsappointtopcompanyofficers.Thedirectorsmightormightnotholdsharesinthecorporation.董事会控制公司决策。董事任命公司的上层员工,但董事不一定就是该公司股东。Corporationscanhaveafewmajorshareholders.Orownershipcanbespreadamongthegeneralpublic.公司可能只有几个主要的股东,也可能所有权为公众广泛持有。Butnotallcorporationsaretraditionalbusinessesthatsellstock.Somenonprofitgroupsarealsoorganizedascorporations.但不是所有公司都是出售股票这种传统商业模式。一些非营利性组织也以公司形式存在。2、baboons熟谙听力\baboons.mp3ThisistheVOASpecialEnglishAgricultureReport.这里是美国之音慢速英语农业报道。Whenfarmersandwildanimalsshareland,conflictscanbehardtoprevent.ButtheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationistryingtohelp.当农民和野生动物在同一片土地上共存时,冲突在所难免。联合国粮农组织正试图就此提供帮助。TheFAOandothergroupsaredevelopingwhattheycalltheHuman-WildlifeConflictMitigationToolkit.ThistoolkitisacollectionofadviceandinformationthatfarmersinsouthernAfricahavebeentesting.粮农组织和其他组织正在开发他们所说的缓解“人类与野生动物冲突”工具包。工具包收集了经过南部非洲农民测试的建议和信息。WildanimalsareconsideredatopproblemforthephysicalandeconomicsecurityofruralpopulationsinAfrica.野生动物被认为是非洲农村居民人身安全和经济安全(动物造成经济损失)的首要问题。FAOofficialReneCzudeksaysthemainaimistoprovidelow-costmethodstodealwithwildanimalswithoutharmingthem.粮农组织官员ReneCzudek称其主要目的是在不伤害野生动物的前提下,提供一种低成本的应对方法。Forexample,somefarmersinKenyausedonkeystoguardagainstlionsandcheetahs.例如,在肯尼亚一些农民使用毛驴防范狮子和猎豹。InZambiaandMozambique,crocodilesareblamedformoredeathsthananyotheranimal.NilecrocodileskillanestimatedthreehundredpeopleeachyearinMozambiquealone.在赞比亚和莫桑比克,鳄鱼造成了比任何其他动物都更多的死亡事故。每年仅在莫桑比克,尼罗鳄就造成大约300人死亡。Strongfencingatwateringpointscanofferprotection.Andpeopleshouldalwaysenterthewaterseveralatatime,ingroupsarmedwithweaponslikesticksandstones,axesandspears.取水点的坚固栅栏可以提供保护。同时,人们下水时应该多人一组,并用棍棒、石头、斧头和长矛等武器武装自己。ButtheFAOalsopointsoutthatcrocodileattacksarelesslikelyinplacesthathavenotbeenoverfished.但粮农组织还指出,鳄鱼在那些没有过度捕捞的地方较少袭击人类。Thetoolkitalsohasideastocontrolbaboons.Theselargemonkeysraidcropsandtheycankillsheepandotherlivestock.该工具包也包含防治狒狒的办法。这种大型猴类会破坏农作物,杀死羊和其他牲畜。Onesuggestionistoremovethecenterfromaloafofbreadandhideasnakeinside--aliveoneifpossible.Baboonshaveafearofsnakes.Theyalsohavegoodmemories.ReneCzudekattheFAOsaysababoonfrightenedbyasnakesandwichwillprobablynotcomeback.建议之一是掏空一块面包并将蛇藏到里面-如果有可能的话用活蛇。狒狒怕蛇,且他们记性很好。粮农组织的ReneCzudek称,被“蛇三明治”吓坏的狒狒可能将不敢再来。Anotheranimalwithagoodmemory--theelephant--oftenraidsfieldcrops,especiallymaizeandcassava.Mr.Czudeksaysthelossofamaizecropcanmeanthelossofafamily'sfoodsupplyforayear.另一种记性好的动物大象常常破坏农田作物,尤其是玉米和木薯。Czudek先生说,玉米作物的损失可能意味着一个家庭一年口粮的损失。Didyouknowelephantshatechilipepper?你知道大象讨厌辣椒吗?Farmerscangrindpepper,mixitwithelephantwasteandformbricks.Theideaistoburnthesebricksaroundtheedgesoffieldstokeepelephantsaway.Farmerscanalsogrowfieldsofchilipeppers--andsellthesurplus.农民可将辣椒磨成粉,将其与大象粪便混合制成砖。在农田四周燃烧这种辣椒砖,使大象远离农田。农民们也可以种植上辣椒并销售。AnotherwaytocontrolelephantsiswithaplasticguncalledtheMhiripiriBomber.Itfiresbal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