清洁燃料的生产现状、发展趋势及对策

14121.2.,2570626[12]30%～60%50%50%NOx[3]2[45]11.1701988AMFAPublicLaw100-4941990[3]CARBLowemissionvehicleZeroemis-sionvehicle[4]MTBE,2002MTBECMAQ199220002.3g/km0.2g/km0.15g/km200512[6]1ω/µg/gφ/%φ/%φ/%φ/%/kPa19903381.628.610.80.060CARBⅡ1996401.02562.048Ⅱ2000140～1701.0256～101.6～3.546.2～51.820001501.042182.7602005501.035182.36020001501.035142.7602005501.030142.76078888888788788888887882002-05-202002-09-0215152003101ChemicalProductionandTechnology2ω/µg/g15.6℃/g/cm3φ/%φ/%ASTM/℃90%95%1996$5000.8200～0.8600-49$3702000$350$0.8448$11-51$3602005$50$0.8251$1-58$340EPA$500$0.8760$36-40$338CABR$5000.8299～0.8602$10$1.4-48228～321305～349CABR$20010～252.2～4.755～59304～3501.219996420001119991228GB17930-1999200011SH-0041-1993SH0112-1992200071GB484-1993GB17930-199933GB17930-1999/m/m/g/L()/%()/%()/%()/%()/%2003.7.10.10(0.08)0.0052.540352.72003.7.10.082000.7.1～2003.1.120001027GB252-200020021170.20.51.00.2m/m2.5mg/100mL22.12.1.1[5]90%1[7]-LPGSOX[8]UOPUnicracking2IFPPrimeG+[910]98%29%ExxonMobilOCTGAINTM[1112]199195%ExxonMobilAkzoNobelSCANFinding[12]SCANFinding10g/gIRVADBlack&VeatchPrichardIncAlcoaIndustrialChemical[13]90%16U-[14]Ⅱdeepcatalyticcracking,DCC199611[15]3CO2%MTBERON117MON101ROH135MON11019989MTBE20021213MTBEMTBE[16]MTBEUOPInALKMTBETAMEC5[17]MTBETAME2%DIPEDME2.1.21980～19951990～2010[5]30%50%～75%[18]50µg/g(50)[15]MHUGRN-1/RT-51×10-640[19]RN-144[17]-2TK574TK573[20]TK574500µg/g350µg/g-KF-757[21]IFP2HR-416HR-448[21]HR-416HR-44821-2[20]TK907TK908210%0.007g/cm3UnitedCatalystsIncASAT400µg/g[22]2.217172003101ChemicalProductionandTechnologyEBC[23][23]2.32090(GTL)GTLFisch-er-Tropsch3[24]EXXONAGC-2120/[25]SHELLSMDSFis-cher-Tropsch1993[25]LPGCNGLNG[26]2008321/[27]121/2213-4/12344.1[3](1)FCC(2)18(3)(4)4.2[28]4.3(1)(2)(3)GTL(4)LNGLPG[26]WTO1..,1997,41～52,..200013132～353..200018356～594..200016(4)5～115..1999,30(7)1～66.21.200017..200131219～228StephangRomanow.Clearerfuels-it'justnotthatsimple.Hydroprocess,2000,917～199NoccaJZ,CosynsJ,DebuisschertQetal.NPRAAnnualMeeting.Texas2000,AM-00-6110DidilonB,CosynsJ,NoccaJL.DesulfurizationofFCCgasolinewithminimizedoctaneloss,Forum18Poster16thWPC,Calgary,Canada,June11～15,200011HalbertTR,BrignacGB,GreeleyJPetal.NPRAAnnualMeeting.Texas,2000,AM-00-1112KaldorAA,LewisWE,HalbertTRetal.Ultralowsulfurfuelstechnology,Forum2Poster16thWPC,Calgary,Canada,June11～15,200013IrvineRL,BensonBA,VarraveloDM.etal.14,,..,2001,715..200031622～2516GrahamM,PryorP,SarmaME.NPRAAnnualMeetingTexas.2000AM-00-5317..1998102208～21418..,20003196～919.MHUG.199627(6)20TippettT,etal.PresentedattheNPRA1999AnnualMeetingMarch21～23,1999.ConventionCenter,SanAntonio,TexasAM-99-1021KasztelanSlavik,etal.PresentedattheNPRA1999AnnualMeetingMarch21～23,1999.ConventionCenter,SanAntonio,TexasAM-99-1022FrdeeieLTungate,DonHopkins,DinaahCHuang,etal.PresentedattheNPRA1999AnnualMeetingMarch21～23,1999.ConventionCenter,SanAntonio,TexasAM-99-1023PresentedattheNPRA1999AnnualMeetingMarch21～23,1999.ConventionCenter,SanAntonio,TexasAM-99-1024..1998274195～19725..,2001326.211..20013111～627..,200031436～3928.LPGCNGLNG.2000(3)36～39[]19701994