企业生产率研究与应用

中国矿业大学1摘要生产率是决定企业生存和发展的重要指标之一，但由于我国企业及人员区域的复杂性，影响生产率的因素较多，控制难度较大，所以我国对于企业的生产率一直缺乏应有的研究。我国企业要想持续不断地创造财富，在竞争激烈、强者环伺的环境中，在面对人口老龄化、人才匹配越来越失衡的现状下，寻求做大做强道路，就必须找到提高生产率的方法，且势在必行。本论文从生产率的概念出发，总结了四种不同定义的差别，指出我国目前广泛应用的单要素生产率的局限性。然后，论文从企业外部因素和内部因素两个方面分析研究了我国企业的生产率现状，以及面临的国际环境。通过对我国企业所面临的实际国情和人口老龄化问题的分析表明我国的生产率现状不容乐观，提高生产率势在必行。接下来，论文通过对企业内、外部的生产率影响因素的分析，总结出我国企业可能出现的生产率影响因素。基于对影响因素从成因上的分析，以日本佳能公司为例，论文运用所学IE知识对生产过程中可能出现的弊端进行改进和改良，提供可行方案和解决思路，进而得出可供从事生产管理人员进行管理、决策的解决方法。关键词：生产率；生产管理；IE企业生产率研究与应用2AbstractProductivityisdecidinganenterprise'ssurvivalanddevelopmentoneoftheimportantindicators,butbecauseourcountryenterpriseandregionalcomplexity,affectstheproductivityfactors,difficulttocontrol,soourcountryfortheproductivityoftheenterprisehasbeenthelackofproperresearch.Chineseenterprisestocontinuouslycreatewealth,inthefiercecompetition,thesurroundingenvironment,inthefaceoftheagingofthepopulation,matchingthetalentedpeopleincreasinglyunbalancedsituation,seektodogreatlystrongroad,mustfindwaysofincreasingproductivity,andbeimperative.Thispaperfromtheproductivityconcept,summarizesthefourdifferentdefinitionsofthedifference,pointedoutourcountryatpresentwidelyusedsinglefactorproductivitylimitation.Then,papersfromtheenterpriseinsideandoutsidefactorsanalysisoftwoaspectsofourenterpriseproductivitystatus,andfacingtheinternationalenvironment.ThroughtoourcountryenterprisefacestheactualnationalconditionandtheproblemofagingpopulationintheanalysisshowsthatChina'sproductivitycurrentsituationnotsallowhopeful,improveproductivitybeimperative.Next,basedontheenterpriseinternal,externalproductivityinfluencefactorsanalysis,summedupChina'senterprisespossibleproductivityinfluencefactors.Basedontheinfluencefactorsfromthecausesanalysis,JapanCanoncompanyasanexample,thepaperstudiestheuseofIEknowledgetotheproductionprocessofthepossibledrawbacksimprovement,providefeasibleschemesandsolutions,andthencanbeengagedinproductionmanagementpersonnelmanagement,decisionsolution.Keywords:productivity,productionmanagement,IE中国矿业大学3目录第1章引言..........................................................................................11.1国内外研究概况.................................................................................71.1.1国外研究概况...................................................................................71.1.2国内研究概况..................................................................................71.2本论文所作的主要工作......................................................................81.2.1课题研究的主要内容......................................................................81.2.2课题研究方法..................................................................................81.3课题研究的意义.................................................................................9第2章影响企业生产率的因素..........................................................10２.１生产率及生产率管理...................................................................102.1.1生产率发展历史............................................................................102.1.2生产率基本概念............................................................................102.1.3生产率管理......................................................................................72.1.4生产率管理的意义........................................................................142.1.5提高生产率的意义..........................................................................82.2影响企业生产率的外部因素探讨.....................................................92.2.1产权因素..........................................................................................9企业生产率研究与应用42.2.2市场竞争因素.................................................................................172.2.3研发投入因素.................................................................................182.2.4外商投资因素.................................................................................19２.３影响生产率的企业内部因素探讨.................................................202.3.1生产车间的原因............................................................................202.3.2生产管理过程中的原因................................................................212.3.3各环节的衔接原因........................................................................222.3.4根本性的内因................................................................................222.3.5深层的原因....................................................................................23第3章提高企业生产效率对策的应用研究......................................183.1企业背景...........................................................................................183.1.1公司概况........................................................................................183.1.2生产系统现状................................................................................183.1.3生产组织形式................................................................................193.1.4市场环境的变化............................................................................193.1.5现有生产组织形式的弊端............................................................193.2推行应用IE的思路...............................................................