高考非谓语讲解(含解题技巧)

高考语法复习非谓语动词主谓宾定状补2ThefamousdoctorgivebirthtoababyhelpedthepregnantwomanlastFriday.to3英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词：•加连词（and/but/so…）•放入从句•变为非谓语动词Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Whenshegotoffthebus,sheleftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butsheleftherhandbagonherseat.谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别1.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_____tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing2.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods.A.seizing,disappearedB.seized..,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing两个动作之间用and连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用and连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。seized和took是并列谓语，disappearing是伴随状语。此题的关键是and的位置，如果and在disappear前，则三个动词并列。AD非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。非谓语不定式（todo)doing(动名词、现在分词)done(过去分词)非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词主语宾语补语定语状语表语tododoingdone非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？非谓语动词主语宾语补语定语状语表语tododoingdone√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√1、作主语或表语时在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用doing；在表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用todo。1.Smokingisnotallowedhere.(表习惯、爱好、或抽象的动作、经常做的事情。)2.Tosmokesomuchisnotgoodforyou.(表具体的、一次性动作、要做的事情。)3.Theirjobisbuildinghouses.(抽象、经常的动作)4.Theirworkistobuildanotherbridgeacrosstheriver.(具体、要做的动作)1.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and_____.A.he’dliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,tooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure2.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.____theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having在and连接的并列句中，两个主语最好要保持一致的形式。动名词fishing和collectingcoins分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。”DD非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：1.并行结构问题，Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.2.需要注意一些结构：A)在It’snouse(good;value;importance)等结构中只用动名词作主语。如：It’snousequarrellingwithsuchafellow.注意比较：There’snoneedtotellhimaboutit.B)在It’s+adj.+todo。注意两种句型：•It’seasy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenough)后加forsb.todo•It’skind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的))后加ofsb.todo3.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmakeB在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题，1.并行结构问题，2.时间问题。todo作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。doing作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。注：1动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very,quite等副词来修饰，如：Myjobislookingafterthechildren.Ourdutyisservingthepeopleheartandsoul.Thesituationisencouraging.Thiscakeisveryinviting.Thevolleyballmatchwewatchedwasveryexciting.注：2过去分词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：Whathesaidsounds__________(convince).Hewas___________(interest)inwhathelearnedinCanadaandhethoughteverythinginCanadawas____________(interest)．convincinginterestedinteresting使…信服•类似情况还有：surprising~surprised,•exciting~excited,•tiring~tired,•disappointing~disappointed,•encouraging~encouraged，•amazed~amazing,•bored~boring,•pleasing~pleased,•astonishing~astonished.•-ed分词•Sb.+Link.v+-ed分词•-ing分词•Sth.+Link.v+-ing分词人的感觉事物本身的特点非谓语动词主语宾语补语定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√2、作宾语时不定式和动名词都可作宾语,有何区别？2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语1.有些动词后只跟todo作宾语，如：……manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help(帮助)，want(想要),refuse等。2.有些动词后只跟doing作宾语，如：avoid,admit,consider,miss,delay/postpone,suggest/advise,finish,practise,enjoy/appreciate,imagine,resist/can`thelp,deny,envy,escape,risk,stand,mind,keep/keeponprefer…..to…..,lookforwardto,beusedto,devote…to…,leadto,getdownto,giveup,keepon,succeedin,feellike,bebusy,beworth,havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)注：在动词advise,allow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。Wedon’tallowfishinghere.Wedon’tallowpeopletofishhere.1)Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_____talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop2)Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglostCB有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别：IforgottoclosethedoorbeforeIlefttheroom.Iforgothavingclosedthedoor.Hetriedtowritebetter.(尽量努力地写)Hetriedwritingwithabrush.(用毛笔试着写)Icouldn’thelpfinishingit.(不能不结束某事)Icouldn’thelptofinishit.(不能帮助结束某事)Theystoppedfishing.(停止钓鱼)Theystoppedtofish.(离开某处出发去钓鱼)Iregrettosaythatthereisnowineinthebottle.(对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉)Iregretnottakingyouradvice.(后悔)3.remember,forget,regret,try,goon,mean,miss,stop4.主动表被动:want(需要)need(需要)require(需要)Sth.+deserve(值得，应受)+doing使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义tobedone使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义1.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_____tomynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB注意1：不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.Myquestioniswhentostart.非谓语动词主语宾语补语定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√3、作补语时Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.五看watchseelookatobservenotice三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感觉:feel2.当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,wan