海河低平原区杨农复合模式内作物生产力与生态因子的关系

作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2010,36(8):13551361:[e-mail](2007BAD89B01)(06220115D)*(Correspondingauthors):,E-mail:[e-mail];,E-mail:[e-mail]():2010-02-08;Accepted(:2010-04-20.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01355海河低平原区杨农复合模式内作物生产力与生态因子的关系刘月华陈源泉朱敏曲波隋鹏*高旺盛*,100193:(6~7)PAR(),,PAR32.43%~76.71%,18.67%~42.75%,PAR(P0.05);PAR,PAR0~40cm,0.7500(P0.05)PAR,,PAR:;;;RelationshipbetweenCropProductivityandEcologicalFactorsinPoplar-CropIntercroppingSystemsinHaiheLowlandAreaLIUYue-Hua,CHENYuan-Quan,ZHUMin,QUBo,SUIPeng*,andGAOWang-Sheng*CollegeofAgronomyandBiotechnology,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing100193,ChinaAbstract:Agroforestrysystemisanapproachtoimprovelanduseefficiency,itnotonlyallowsfortheproductionoftreesandcrops,butalsomakeshighlyuseefficiencyofnaturalresources.BecauseofadvantagesofAgroforestry,largescalesofpoplar-basedAgroforestrysystemshavebeendevelopedinnorthofChinasince2002.Hengshuiarea,inHebeiprovince,wherelotsofpoplar-basedAgroforestrysystemsexist,isatypicalarealackinginwater.OurpreviousstudyshowedthatAgroforestrysystemsconsumedalargequantityofwaterstoringinsoilanddecreasedtheproductionofbothtreesandunderlayercropsastreesgrew.Toanalyzetherelationshipsofcropbiomasswith0–40cmsoilmoisture,andphotosyntheticallyactiveradiation(PAR)andtem-perature,weconductedastudyfromOct.2007toOct.2009on6–7year-oldpoplar-cropintercroppingsystemswiththreediffer-entpatternsofpoplarplantations.Comparedwithsolecropsystem,PARand0–40cmsoilmoistureinAgroforestrysystemswerereducedby34.43%–76.71%and18.67%–42.74%respectively.Cropbiomass,PARandsoilmoistureallshowedsignificantdif-ferenceamongdifferentAgroforestrysystems(P0.05).RyegrassbiomasswashighlycorrelatedwithPAR,whilesoybeanbio-masswashighlycorrelatedwithbothPARandsoilmoisture(P0.05),withallthecorrelationcoefficients0.7500(P0.05)inboth2008and2009.TheresultsshowedthatAgroforestrysystemscouldproductmorecropbiomassbyincreasingeitherPARorsoilmoisture.AndincreasingPARbyremovingpoplartrees(removingalternatetreesinrows,orevenremovingalternatetreerows)ortreebranchpruningwasaneffectivemeasureundertheconditionofseriouslylackinginwaterinthatarea.Keywords:Poplar-cropintercroppingsystems;PAR;Soilmoisture;Cropproductivity,,[1],2002,,:1~2,31.3%~33.7%[2];2345-13.9%28.2%54.6%69.6%[3];[4-8],,135636,C3,;C4,,,,,,,,Moreno[9-11],[12-15],,,,,,2005,30.2[16],58.56.7[17],,1材料与方法1.1,,37°36',116°1',20m,,121.04kJcm2,12.5℃,0℃4834.7℃,10℃4435.9℃,198d568.5mm,70%6~8,,,400mm,,,[18],-1.216,20021120,,2m×5m,2006105,11.08m,9.39cm,4m×5m2m×10m(2m×5m)3,500m2m×5m,,311.31.3.1土壤含水量1,4m×5m2.5m1.0m,3;2m×10m5.0m2.5m1.0m,;30~40cm,0~20cm,20~40cm,0~20cm1.49,0~20cm表1作物种植方式Table1Timetableandtreatmentsofpoplar-cropintercroppingsystemsPeriod(year/month)CK4m×5m2m×10mSolecroppingsystem2007/10–2008/5‖Poplar‖ryegrass‖Poplar‖ryegrass‖Poplar‖ryegrassWinterwheat2008/5–2008/10‖Poplar‖soybean‖Poplar‖soybean‖Poplar‖soybeanSummermaize2008/10–2009/5‖Poplar‖ryegrass‖Poplar‖ryegrass‖Poplar‖ryegrassWinterwheat2009/5–2009/10‖Poplar‖soybean‖Poplar‖soybean‖Poplar‖soybeanSummermaize8:1357图1田间试验设置图Fig.1Experimentallayoutofthecrop-poplarintercroppingsystem,Ovalsindicatelocationsofsoilmoisturemeasurements,andverticallineindicatespoplarline.,0~40cm,0~40cm,1.3.2光合有效辐射(PAR)SCA-09,PAR8:0018:00,20,5PAR1.3.3温度,PAR,1.5m,1.3.4作物产量,1m,1.4MicrosoftExcel2003SAS,(GLM)Duncan(P0.05),Pearson2结果与分析2.1PAR2.1.1PAR2008,,2m×10mPAR26.08%,4m×5m11.22%;,2m×10mPAR81.15%,4m×5m28.15%(2)2009,,2m×10mPAR29.66%,4m×5m10.92%;,2m×10mPAR85.40%,4m×5m35.75%20082009,PAR32.43%~76.71%,PAR,3PAR(P0.05),2.1.20~40cm土壤水分2008,,2m×10m0~40cm1.97%,4m×5m4.31%;,2m×10m0~40cm9.00%,4m×5m5.12%2009,,2m×10m0~40cm1358365.68%,4m×5m4.77%;,2m×10m0~40cm5.36%,4m×5m4.17%20082009,0~40cm18.67%~42.75%,30~40cm(P0.05),6~72.1.3温度20082009,4m×5m,2m×10m(2008),3;,,表2PAR、0~40cm土壤体积含水量和温度在模式间的比较Table2Treatmentdifferences(solecroppingsystem,CK,4m5mand2m10m)forPAR,0–40cmsoilmoistureandtemperatureTreatmentCK4m×5m2m×10mSolecropsystem2008PAR(molm2s1)403.0D448.3C508.2B752.0A0~40cm0–40cmsoilmoisture0.2318B0.2218B0.2364B0.2850ARyegrassTemperature()℃18.1318.8818.3218.05PAR(molm2s1)237.8D304.7C430.7B835.8A0~40cm0–40cmsoilmoisture0.1953B0.1853B0.2128B0.3236ASoybeanTemperature()℃29.4029.7529.2731.892009PAR(molm2s1)381.7D423.4C494.9B789.8A0~40cm0–40cmsoilmoisture0.2099B0.1999B0.2218AB0.2633ARyegrassTemperature()℃17.6018.3617.2417.99PAR(molm2s1)227.0D308.2C420.9B974.7A0~40cm0–40cmsoilmoisture0.2398B0.2298B0.2527B0.3411ASoybeanTemperature()℃29.6030.1429.4731.62;2008200710~200810,2009200810~200910;0.05DatainTable2areaverageofseasons;2008indicatestimerangefromOct.2007toOct.2008,2009indicatestimerangefromOct.2008toOct.2009;valuesineachrowfollowedbythesameletterarenotsignificantlydifferentat0.05probabilitylevel.2.22008,2m×10m61.52%,4m×5m16.38%;2m×10m112.98%,4m×5m37.27%(3)2009,2m×10m46.11%,4m×5m41.82%;2m×10m84.05%,4m×5m16.65%2009,4m×5m,4m×5m,(4)2m×10m表3不同模式的作物生物量差异Table3Treatmentdifferences(solecroppingsystem,CK,4m5m,and2m10m)forcr