转轨时期中国工业生产要素拥挤的特征分析

1,2(11,130012;21,130012):(congestion),.,.,19921998,,,.:;;:F42:A:1007-9807(2004)03-0038-080(congestion),..McFadden1978(backwardbending,)[1],,.[2].,,[3].[4,5].,,[6],.,,.,,,.,,,,.7320046JOURNALOFMANAGEMENTSCIENCESINCHINAVol.7No.3Jun.2004:2002-06-01;:2003-11-15.:(70172035);(02JAZJD790008);(01JA790061).:(1963),,,,.1992,,,.1992,,1995,,,,.,,.,???,,?,.1(backwardbending),,.Brockett:,;,,[7].,,,.,[8].P(x)x,.(a):,,PxRN+,1,P(x)AP(x);(b):(),,Px,RN+,x,P(x)AP().,,(a)P(x)P(x),1P(x)P(x);(b).1Fig.1Disposabilityofinputs.1cbde,cb,,.,933:1abde,.2,().,,(input2orientedefficiencymeasurement)[9].,,,Fare(Fare)[10,11],Cooper(Cooper)[13,14].Fare,.Cooper,..,Fare,,,[8].,Fare.,Malmquist.k=1,,Kn=1,,Nm=1,,M,xknkn,km.,NM..,.,.(variablereturnstoscale,V),(strongdisposability,S).(V,S),L(u|V,S)={x:uzM,zNx,zRK+,Kk=1zk=1},uRM+(V,S)Fi(uk,xk|V,S)=min{:xkL(uk|V,S)},k=1,,K,((V,W))L(u|V,W)={x:uzM,zN=x,01,zRK+,Kk=1zk=1},uRM+(V,W)Fi(uk,xk|V,W)=min{:xkL(uk|V,W)},k=1,,K.,,,.,Ci(uk,xk)=Fi(uk,xk|V,S)/Fi(uk,xk|V,W),k=1,,K.Ci(uk,xk)=1,Fi(uk,xk|V,S)=Fi(uk,xk|V,W),uk,xk;Fi(uk,xk|V,S)Fi(uk,xk|V,W),.(0,1),0Ci(uk,xk)1,.0420046,QR(1),Ci:Ci=Ci(x1,x2)=OR/OQ.,.,.[15,16](TFP).,(Farrell)(Malmquist)Mt+1(ut+1,xt+1,ut,xt)=Ft+1i(ut+1,xt+1|C,S)Fti(ut,xt|C,S)[Fti(ut,xt|C,S)Ft+1i(ut,xt|C,S)Fti(ut+1,xt+1|C,S)Ft+1i(ut+1,xt+1|C,S)]12t+1t.,,.ACt+1(ut+1,xt+1,ut,xt)=Ft+1i(ut+1,xt+1|C,S)Fti(ut,xt|C,S)Mt+1(ut+1,xt+1,ut,xt)1,.PCt+1(ut+1,xt+1,ut,xt)SCt+1(ut+1,xt+1,ut,xt)CCt+1(ut+1,xt+1,ut,xt).ACt+1(ut+1,xt+1,ut,xt)=PCt+1(ut+1,xt+1,ut,xt)SCt+1(ut+1,xt+1,ut,xt)CCt+1(ut+1,xt+1,ut,xt),PCt+1(ut+1,xt+1,ut,xt)=Ft+1i(ut+1,xt+1|V,W)Fti(ut,xt|V,W),SCt+1(ut+1,xt+1,ut,xt)=St+1i(ut+1,xt+1)Sti(ut,xt),CCt+1(ut+1,xt+1,ut,xt)=Ct+1i(ut+1,xt+1)Cti(ut,xt).,1,,.,,.,,.,.,,.33.11992,,,,1992.1995,1995.1998,.30(1998)143:.,.1199219951998Table1Influenceofcongestionofproductionfactorsontheregionalindustriesduring1992,1995,and199819921995199519981992199519951998199219951995199819921995199519981992199519980.5241.1280.6951.1060.7531.0200.9960.7650.99020.98630.75500.6030.8360.6601.0170.9140.8220.7531.1510.99980.75250.86460.8340.9860.8320.9371.0021.0520.9951.0640.85660.85240.90450.8980.9431.0370.9950.8660.9470.8330.9620.77360.64440.62010.9400.9971.0231.0220.9190.9750.6931.1430.90020.62380.71060.6251.0100.9010.9840.6931.0260.8410.8970.88680.74620.66900.8110.9310.9541.0000.8500.9310.8121.5970.65200.52930.84720.9330.9901.1120.9490.8391.0441.0001.0001.00001.00001.00000.5521.1520.5521.1521.0001.0001.0001.0001.00001.00001.00000.6340.8750.7000.8700.9061.0051.0001.0001.00001.00001.00000.6300.9190.6980.9470.9030.9700.9371.0081.00000.93670.94450.8870.8170.8300.8691.0680.9400.8190.9850.97370.79760.77640.6461.1100.7460.9280.8661.1960.8721.0711.00000.87210.93370.7390.8570.9030.8970.8190.9560.8130.9540.71390.58050.55410.7001.0400.7610.9300.9191.1181.0001.0001.00001.00001.00000.9010.8800.8270.8881.0890.9920.9230.9880.98240.90630.89510.7341.0620.8030.8960.9141.1850.7801.2200.99750.77820.94910.7990.9560.8790.9020.9101.0600.8801.0580.79650.70130.74240.5201.0860.5451.2330.9530.8811.0001.0001.00001.00001.00000.7100.8590.7880.9150.9020.9390.8700.9480.97990.85270.80220.4621.7250.8241.1380.5611.5160.5591.5630.88290.49320.77080.7430.8980.8980.8840.8281.0160.7750.9780.96370.74710.73070.8530.9780.9921.0560.8600.9260.8570.9250.82310.70560.65270.9511.0590.9511.0591.0001.0001.0001.0001.00001.00001.00001.1651.1651.1651.1651.0001.0001.0001.0001.00001.00001.00000.8270.8960.9541.0060.8670.8910.8650.9220.66440.57480.52980.8020.8120.9270.9530.8660.8530.9551.0330.83090.79390.81390.7411.0880.9151.1050.8100.9840.7470.9810.76520.57130.56050.7630.8820.9260.9890.8240.8920.7861.3770.87480.68770.92350.7731.1310.9271.0510.8341.0760.8261.0730.82250.67980.72940.5901.0880.7081.0300.8471.0550.8961.0450.8480.9420.9020.9350.9281.0080.8551.0970.8330.9770.9441.0180.8790.9580.8681.024,()(),(),(),2420046().1992,.[17].3.2.1Non2parametricfrontiers1.0.1,,,.,.,,.,,,.,,,,,,.,.,,,.,1.,,[18],,(,1,0),,,.1,199219951,,,,.,,.19921995.,.,,,,,.,,,.,2.,19951998,121,181,.,1.088,0.590,0.9420.977,0.8480.833.,,,.,1.0451.0971.024,0.8960.8550.868,,,343:..4(1),,,.(2);,,.(3),,,.(4).,,,.(5)19921995,,.,,.,.(6)19951998,,,,..:[1]McFaddenD.Cost,RevenueandProfitFunctions[M].inM.FussandD.McFadden,eds,1978.[2]FareRL.Suensson.Congestionofproductionfactors[J].Econometrica,1980,48(7):17451753.[3]PaulW.Bauer.Recentdevelopmentsintheeconometricestimationoffrontiers[J].JournalofEconometrics,1990,(446):3956.[4]CharnesA,CooperWW,RhodesE.Measuringtheefficiencyofdecisionmakingunits[J].EuropeanJournalofOperationalRe2search,1978,(2):429444.[5].DEA[M].:,1988.WEIQuanling.TheDEAApproachtoEvaluateRelativeEfficiency:NewFieldofOperationalResearch[M].Beijing:RenminUni2versityPressofChina,1998.(inChinese)[6]SenguptaJatiK.Non2parametricapproachtodynamicefficiency:Anon2parametricapplicationofcointegrationtoproductionfrontiers[J].AppliedEconomics,1992,(24):153159.[7]BrockettPL,CooperWW,WangYuying,ShinHong2chul.InefficiencyandcongestioninChineseproductionbeforeandafterthe1978economicreforms[J].Socio2EconomicPlanningScienc