高考必考语法精讲精练专题二：代词-Word版含解析

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题二：代词代词是英语中非常重要的一类词，也是高考必考考点。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对代词考查列了六项：①人称代词②物主代词③反身代词④指示代词⑤不定代词⑥疑问代词。2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第54题（完形填空）考查的是代词whoever、whatever、whichever与whenever的辨析；第63题（语法填空）考查的是its的用法；第78题（短文改错）考查的是不定代词much与many的辨析，第80题（短文改错）考查的是your与our的辨析。2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第44题（完形填空）考查的是代词each，another，this与that的辨析；第68题（语法填空）考查的是its的用法（给出代词it，根据题意须将其变为its）；第71题（短文改错）考查的是关系代词that与which的辨析；第79题（短文改错）考查的是our与his的辨析。2017高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题考查的是关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。I.代词种类：1人称代词主格I，you，he，she，it，we，you，they宾格me，you，him，her，it，us，you，them2物主代词形容词性my，your，his，her，its，our，their名词性mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs3反身代词myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves4指示代词this，that，these，those，such，some5疑问代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whichever，whatever6关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，as7不定代词one/some/any，each/every，none/no，many/much，few/little/afew/alittleother/another，all/both，neither/eitherII.人称代词、物主代词及反身代词对应关系表：我你他她它我们你们他们主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselvesIII.不定代词用法注意点：1.one,some与any:1)one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。Oneshouldlearntothinkofothers.Haveyouanybookmarks?No,Idon’thaveanybookmarks.Ihavesomequestionstoask.2)some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。Wouldyoulikesomebananas?Couldyougivemesomemoney?3)some和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.4)some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。Therearesome3,000studentsinthisschool.Doyoufeelanybettertoday?2.each和every:each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary.Each(ofus)hasadictionary.Weeachhaveadictionary.Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints.Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.3.none和no：no等于notany，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.4.other和another:1)other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherway,theother特指两者中的另外一个，复数为theothers。如：Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.2)another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如：Idon’tlikethisshirt,pleaseshowmeanother(one).Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.5.all和both,neither和eitherall表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.AllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish.NotallofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.Bothofusarenotteachers.Notbothofusareteachers.Eitherofusisateacher.IV.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·代词考点规律分析：短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。语法填空主要涉及代词的单复数、人称代词主格、宾格以及所有格之间的转换，反身代词及不定代词的用法等。代词单句改错之真题训练：1.Davidpointedtoapathwhichithethoughtwouldprobablyleadtoavillage.2.Whenwewalkedtothecar,Billsmiledandshookhead.3.Weclimbeverywhere,notonlyinAmerica.TheyhavebeentoEuropemanytimes.4.AndIcan’tforgetthegoodfoodyoucookedforI.5.Ihopethatbothyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimesoon.6.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.7.Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.8.NowIcan’twatchmuchtelevision,butafewyearsago…9.I’llspendallthewholeweekendreadingandpreparingforit.10.IthinkIlikedthoseclassesbecauseIfeltthatithelpedmeunderstandwhattheworldworks.11.…inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild.12.Forexample,whenheboughtachocolatecake,heputtheminasecretplaceIcouldn’tfind.13.Thenheateitallbyhimself.Heneverhelpedother.14.IwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.15.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.16.AtonceIapologizeandcontrolledmeatmybesttillthedinnerstarted.17.Andeveryyearmoreandmorepeoplestartastampcollectionofyourown.18.What’smore,youhavetobefriendlywithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.代词单句改错之模拟训练：1.Herearesomelettersforyouandhe.2.Shelovesswimming.Itkeepsshefit.3.HerearethecatsAuntiebroughtus.Takegoodcareofit.4.Everyoneheregetsupearlierthanherdoes.5.Hereismydog.It’snameisPetty.6.Heopenedmouthasiftosaysomething.7.Don’tloseyourheart.Tryagain.8.TheSmithshavebeenmarried,buthavenochildrenofhisown.9.Itellhimeverything,forheisagoodfriendofme.10.Hesmiledatherandlaidherhandonhers.11.Whenyouareawayfromhome,youshouldlookafteryou.12.Ifyouhaveanyquestion,putuphand.13.It’saveryimportantthing.Youmustthinkovercarefully.14.Idon’tlikethese;pleaseshowmesomeother.15.Inordertocatchthethief,thepolicedidhisbest.16.Thisisthebookwhichyouboughtitformetenyearsago.17.I’mverysorryaboutallthewholething.18.WhenIgotup,Ifoundparentswerepreparingbreakfastforme.19.Yes,moneyisveryimportant,butitisnotanything.20.Attheairport,allhisbaggagewasstolen,butsoonhegotthemback.代词单句改错之提升训练：A级1.Shegavethebookstoyou,himandI.2.Whosedictionaryisthis?----It'smy.3.ThisisTom'scap,notyour.4.Ihaven'tbroughtthedictionarywithme.Willyoulendmeyour?5.Kateandhersisterwentonholidaywithacousinofhers.6.Heistooyoungtolookafterhe.7.Healwayshelpsothers.Thisiswhywetrusthim.8.Thattookhimthreehourstofinisht