现在完成时讲解和练习(有答案)

1现在完成时讲解和练习1.现在完成时的构成:have\has+过去分词(过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化)2.现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一般疑问句Hashefinishedthework?回答Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.否定句Hehasnotfinishedthework.特殊疑问句Whathashedone?3.现在完成时的用法:A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如：Thecarhasarrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）B.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。例如：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自从2002年Mr.Black一直住在中国。Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你来这里多久了？4.在下列情形下用现在完成时(1)九词语①already已经肯定句中或句尾e.g.:Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾e.g.：Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?③ever曾经句中e.g.：Haveyoueverseenpandas?④never从不句中e.g.：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just刚刚句中e.g.：Ihavejustdonemywork.⑥before以前句尾e.g.：Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到目前为止e.g.：Sofarhehaslearnt200words.⑧howlong多久e.g.：Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?⑨howmanytimes多少次e.g.：HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?(2)两结构fortwomonthsfor+一段时间Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+过去点时间LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since3yearsagosince1990sincehecameheresince+过去时态句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.(3)三词组1.havehasgoneto去了某地表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”e.g.：HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京)2.havehasbeento去过某地表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”e.g.：HehasbeentoBeijing.(去过北京)3.havehasbeenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlonge.g.:Mr.BrownhasbeeninBeijingforthreedays.布朗先生来北京已经有三天了4.如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。e.g.：Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？5.现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。26.在现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用e.g.：Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的办法有五种：①Hehasboughtthebook..(去掉一段时间for3years)②Heboughtthebook3yearsago(改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)③It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.（改为固定句型Itis---since---）④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.（改为否定句）⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.（用延续性动词have代替buy）7.还有其他瞬间动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：①come/arrive/getto/reach→beheree.g：Ihavecomeherefor3years.（错）改为：Ihavebeenherefor3years.②leave/go→beawaye.g.：Hehasleftfor3hours.（错）改为：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.③begin/start→beone.g.：Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.（错）改为：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.④open→beopen/close→beclosede.g.：Theshophasopenedfor3years.(错)改为：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.⑤die→bedeade.g.：Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(错)改为：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.⑥finish/end→beover例：Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(错)改为：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦join例：Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.（错）改为：Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catch→havee.g.：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.（错）改为：Ihavehadthebikefor3years.Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.（错）改为：Hehashadacoldfor3days.⑨borrow→keepe.g：Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.（错）改为：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.还有其它的归纳如下：leave---beawayborrow---keepbuy---havedie---bedeadbegin/start---beonfinish---beoverfallill---beillgetup---beupcatchacold---haveacoldputon--wearcome/become/go---beherefallasleep---beasleepgetto/arrive/reach---be(in)gettoknow---knowjoin----beamemberof...(成为…的一员)open---beopenclose---beclosebreak→bebroken\getup→beupmarry→bemarried\become→be\lose→belost\8.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago,lastweek/...In2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday...Then(那时),thatday,oneday,once(从前)一、写出以下常用瞬间动词的相应延续性动词：1.havearrivedat/insw.gotto/reachedsw.come/gone/movedtosw.→havebeeninsw./at…2.havecome/goneback/returned→____________3.havecome/goneout→___________4.havebecome→________________________5.haveclosed/opened→_____________________6.havegotup→________________________；7.havedied→________________________；38.haveleftsw.→________________________9.havefallenasleep/gottosleep→___________；10.havefinished/ended/completed→___________；11.havemarried→____________________；二、用正确的时间表达词汇填空Haveyoudoneyourhomework_______________?(for,just,yet)Ihave_____________beentoGuangdong.(for,never,yet)rHehasworkedthere_____________heleftschool.(already,yet.Since,for)ShehasknownSam______________9years.(already,yet.Since,for)Haveyou____________riddenahorse?(ever,for,yet)三、用for或since填空1.Myfamilyhasownedaship___________1920.2.Myfamilyhasownedaship___________manyyears.3.Ihavehadacold_________lastMonday.4.Ihavehadacold__________5daysago.5.Ihavehadacold_________5days.四、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.---I_____________(see)thefilm“ChickenRun”.---Whereandwhen________you__________(see)it?---Lastweek.2.Mary__________already____________(have)hersupper.3.I____________(notwant)toseethefilm.I_______________(see)itwithmyparents.We_________(see)itlastSunday.4.---_________UncleWang____________(mend)theTVyet?---Yes,he____________.---When___________he____________it?---Yesterday.5.__________you_______(read)today’snewspaperyet?