定语从句

定语从句AttributiveClauseAttributiveClause定语从句一、基本概念：1.定语：用来修饰名词和代词的叫作定语。一般定语是形容词和介词短语。Eg:abeautifulgirl(形容词作定语)agirlinwhite(介词短语作后置定语)2.定语从句：作定语的从句叫做定语从句，用来修饰一个名词或代词。3.定语从句三要素：先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句：一般紧跟在先行词之后的从句。Eg1:Themanwholivesnexttousisateacher.先行词关系词定语从句，放于先行词之后主句：Themanisateacher.Eg2:Thebookthatyouwantisonthedesk.先行词关系词主句：Thebookisonthedesk.关系词的作用：•1、引导定语从句；•2、代替先行词；•3、在定语从句中充当成分。重点提醒：•历年高考题对定语从句的考察主要是如何选择关系词。•“三步走”原则：1.认识引导词。这是做题的关键。2.找准先行词。判断它到底指代什么。3.确定还缺什么。主要分析定语从句中所缺成分。二、关系词的用法：关系词a1、关系代词2、关系副词:1）指人:that,who,whom,whose,as2）指物：that,which,whose,aswhen,where,why引导定语从句是用关系副词还是关系代词，要看关系词在从句中充当的成份。若充当状语，则用关系副词；若充当主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词。（六代三副）（一）关系代词的用法：1、指人：whowhomthatwhose+nExamples:Sheisthegirl_________sellsflowers.Hereistheman___________youarelookingfor.Ihaveafriend______fatherisadoctor.主语/（宾语）（宾语）主语/（宾语）定语（相当于ofwhomthe+n）who/thatwhom/who/thatwhose)(2、指物：thatwhichwhose+nExamples:Footballisagame_________islikedbymostboys.Thisisthepen_________Iboughtyesterday.Ilikethebook_______coverisred.=Ilikethebook_______thecoverisred.=Ilikethebook,_______________isred.主语/（宾语）主语/（宾语）定语（相当于ofwhichthe+n）which/that()which/thatwhoseofwhichthecoverofwhich注：关系代词只能用that的几种情况1、Eg:Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.先行词既有人又有物；2、Eg:ThisisthefirstfilmthatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时；3、Eg:ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.先行词被theonly,thevery,thenext,thelast,theright,all,every,some,any,much,little,few,no等修饰时；4、Eg:Isthereanythingthatyouwantintheshop?先行词是all,none,something,anything,nothing等不定代词时；5、Eg:Whoisthegirlthatissingingintheroom?主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whichistheclassroomthatyouarein?when作时间状语:Shewillneverforgetthedaywhenshewasmarried.When=介词+which先行词有time,day,year,morningoccasion….Inasportsteameachplayerhasaclearrole,andtherearefewoccasionswhenmembersareconfusedoruncertainoftheirroles.(=onwhich)（二）关系副词的用法：where作地点状语Iwanttoknowtheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.where=介词+which先行词有place,city,country,house,situation,case,business,point,career,activity…(江西)Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer_____sheneededtodecidewhattodo.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where(陕西）Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases___beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.A.whichB.asC.whyD.where（天津）Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity____sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.wherewhy作原因状语,其先行词常常是thereason.Thatisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)I’mlate.why=forwhich注意：•当先行词是theway(表方式)时，关系词要用inwhich/that/\(且可以省略)。Eg:Idon’tliketheway____________youspeak.(inwhich/that/\)理解：Youspeakintheway.(theway在句中作方式状语)先行词是表时间、地点、原因的名词，引导定语从句是用关系副词还是关系代词，要看关系词在从句中充当的成份。若充当状语，则用关系副词；若充当主语或宾语，则用关系代词。注意：区分下列句子：Eg:1.Iwillneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.2.Iwillneverforgetthedays_________wespenttogether.when/inwhich（which/that）区分下列句子：Eg:3.Thisisthefactory______________myfatherworkedlastyear.4.Thisisthefactory_________wevisitedyesterday.where/inwhich（which/that）区分下列句子：Eg:5.Thisisthereason_________________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_________hegavetome.why/forwhich/that（which/that）（三）“介词+关系代词”用法：1.介词的位置：观察下列例句总结：Eg:I’mtalkingtotheman.Themanismyteacher.（合二为一,theman作主语）Themanwho/whom/thatIamtalkingtoismyteacher.ThemantowhomIamtalkingismyteacher.介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin总结：可见,介词可前可后。介词+关系代词的情况2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasasinger.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasanurse.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin××Arethesetwosentencesright?总结：介词+关系代词一般有两种情况，介词+whom,介词+which,另外有时会出现介词+whose。who、that不能用于介词之后。Eg.SheisthepersoninwhosepocketIfoundmylostwatch.介词+关系代词的情况4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.总结：在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?介词+关系代词的情况4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.总结：在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?2.介词前面可有all,both,none,neither,some,any,many,most,few,half,the+比较级、最高级等修饰。TheGreenshave2daughters,bothofwhomarecollegestudents.介词+关系代词的情况练习•1.Doyoulikethebook__________shespent$10?•2.Doyoulikethebook___________shepaid$10?•3.Doyoulikethebook___________shelearnedalot?•4.Doyoulikethebook__________sheoftentalks?onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhich•5.Hebuiltatelescope____________hecouldstudytheskies.•6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,________standsourteacher.•7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest__________istheYellowRiver.throughwhichunderwhichofwhich1.代替一个普通名词,用which;若普通名词前有as,so,such,thesame修饰时,关系代词用as。2.代替整个主句:1)位置不同:as从句可以放句首,句中或句尾；which从句只能放句尾;2)语气不同:as表积极、肯定，（“正如”，“或像…一样”）；which表消极、否定。as与which的区