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1名词一.名词的意义和种类1.名词意义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。如:Shanghai,Lilei,desk2.名词的种类:A.专有名词:表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如:Jim,June,China,Harbin.注意:(1)第一个字母要大写;(2)专有名词前不加冠词,也没有复数。B.普通名词:表示某人或者某事物的名称。(1)个体名词:表单个的人或者事物。如:boy,teacher,apple…(2)集体名词:表一群人或一些事物的总称。如:family,people,police,class…(3)物质名词:表无法分为个体的物质。如:water,money,sea…(4)抽象名词:表抽象概念的词。如:health,friendship…二.名词的数A.可数名词(个体名词和集体名词):有单复数之分1.规则变化2.不规则变化a.常见的有:man-men,foot-feet,mouse-mice,child-children,woman-women,tooth-teeth…b.单复数同型:deerfishsheepChineseJapanesec.有些名词通常只有复数形式,谓语动词也用复数,这些名词有:glasses,clothes,trousers…d.表示“某国人”的名词单复数变化如下:(中日友好永不变)aChinese---twoChinese;aJapanese---fourJapanese(英法联盟a变e)anEnglish---eightEnglishmen;anFrenchman---nineFrenchmen(其他后面加s)aGerman---fiveGermansB.不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词)一般用单数形式。三.复合名词的复数变化规则man和woman都要变,girl和boy却不变四.名词的格A.有生命的名词所有格:1、名词+’s例:汤姆的姐姐Tom’ssister;孩子们的书包children’sschoolbags情况构成读音例词一般的词+s浊辅音[z]清辅音[s]day-daysdesk-desks以s,sh,ch,x结尾+es[iz]match-matchesboss-bosses以辅音+y结尾改y为i+es[z]baby-babiesfly-flies以f/fe结尾改f为v+es[z]wife-wivesleaf-leaves以辅音+o结尾+es[z]potato-potatoeshero-heroes但photo-photos以元音+o结尾+s[z]radio-radioszoo-zoos22、以s结尾+’例:教师办公室teachers’office3、's属格常表示有生命的东西,但也可表示无生命的东西如:①:表示时间aday'sjourney一天的旅程②:自然现象themoon'srays月光③:表国家,城市等实体thecity'sparks城市的公园④:表工作群时候theship'screw船上的工作人员⑤:表示度量衡及价值amile'sdistance一英里的距离⑥:表示拟人化death'sdoor死亡之门⑦:固定用法astone'sthrow一箭之遥B.无生命的名词所有格:一般用of短语构成词组。如:①:用于无生命的东西thesubjectofthesentence句子的主语②:用于名词化的词thelivelihoodofthepoor穷人的生计③:修饰语比较多的时候theverylongandgracefultailoftheoldblackcat老黑猫又长又美的尾巴C.省略’s后的名词时,常代指“家、工作场所”,例:在诊所atthedoctor’s,在外婆家atmygrandmother’sD.共有的格,后面名词+’s:Joan和Jane的房间(共一间)JoanandJane’sroomE.各有的格,每个名词+’s:Joan和Jane的房间(每人一间)Joan’sandJane’sroomsF.双重所有格,a.在所属名词前有a/an,one,some,any,afew,this,my等冠词、代词、数词时,常要用’s或名词性物主代词与“of词组+所有格”。例如:例:我姐姐的一个朋友afriendofmysister’s=oneofmysister’sfriends.b.of后面的名词必须是指人的名词。例:apictureofmyuncle叔叔本人的照片apictureofmyuncle’s我叔叔的一张照片(我叔叔所有照片中的一张,但不一定是他本人的照片)如:①:表示部分apictureofLi's李的一张照片②:表示感情色彩thebignoseofDavid's戴维的那个大鼻子③:双重格与of属格的不同Heisafriendofyourhusband's.他是你丈夫的一个朋友。(强调你丈夫不止一个朋友)Heisafriendofyourhusband.他是你丈夫的朋友。(强调他对你丈夫的友好)★五.名词作主语时谓语动词数的变化3一般情况下名词为单数,谓语动词则用单数;名词为复数,谓语动词则用复数.看下面的特殊情况:A.family,team,police,crowd,class等集体名词,1.指一些人时,接谓语动词的复数形式:Hisfamilyarehavingdinner.2.作整体意义看待时,接谓语动词的单数形式:Hisfamilyisahappyone.B.度量、距离、金额或时间等名词作主语时,接谓语动词的单数形式:Twodays’restisnotenough.C.用and连接两个以上的单数名词时,谓语动词要用复数。如and连接的两个名词是指明同一个概念时谓语动词则用单数。(1)Thebrotherandsisterarebothstudents.(2)Thedoctorandwriterisgoingtogiveaspeech.D.在therebe,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…句型中,谓语动词采取就近原则。例:Eitheryouorheisgoingtobuythebook.【练习】1.给出下列名词的复数形式。1)pieceshoeorangelake2)busfoxglasswish3)bodycityenemybaby4)boykeyholidayway5)lifeleafthiefwife6)zoopianoradiophoto7)tomatohero8)toothfootgoose9)manwomanfishermanpoliceman10)GermanChineseJapanesechildroofchiefsheep11)mandoctorwomandriver小六专题复习之名词()1.These__________speakverygood__________.A、Germany,EnglishB、Germens,EnglandC、Germans,EnglishD、Germen,English()2.Wecansee__________and__________intheZoo.A、hippos,kangaroosB、hippoes,kangaroosC、hippos,kangaroosD、hippoes,kangaroos()3.Helpyourselftosome__________..A、chickensandapplesB、chickenandapplesC、chickensandappleD、chickenandapple()4.Someofthemare__________.4A、womandoctorsB、womandoctorC、womendoctorsD、womendoctor()5.Joanis__________sister.A、MaryandJackB、Mary’sandJack’sC、Mary’sandJackD、MaryandJack’s()6.__________thatpairofnew__________Mary’s?A、Is,shoeB、Are,shoeC、Is,shoesD、Are,shoes()7.March8is__________Day.A、Woman’sB、Womans’C、WomanofD、Women’s()9.—Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?—__________,please.A、TwocupofcoffeeB、TwocupsofcoffeesC、TwocupsofcoffeeD、Twocupofcoffees()10.Thereis__________inthebottle.A、noanymilkB、notamilkC、notanymilkD、nomilks()11.Twelve__________werehurt,butno__________werelostinthataccident.A、person,lifeB、people,livesC、peoples,livesD、persons,life()12.Look,these__________eatinggrassonthehill.A、sheepisB、sheepsisC、sheepareD、sheepsare()13.Myfathertoldme__________justnow.A、twopieceofnewsB、twopiecesofnewC、twonewsD、twopiecesofnewses()14.__________turngreeninspring.A、LeafB、LeavesC、LeaveD、Leafs()15.Heboughttwo__________forourcomputers.A、mouseB、miceC、mousesD、mices()16.Theycomefromdifferent______A.countryB.countriesC.acountryD.countrys()17.Therearesome______inthese_______.A.knifes…pencil-boxesB.knives…pencils-boxC.knives…pencil-boxD.knives…pencils-boxes()18.______like______byair.A.Greens,travellingB.TheGreen,travelingC.TheGreens,travelD.TheGreens,traveling()19Thereisno______intheplate.A.applesB.orangesC.riceD.eggs()20.areusuallycarefulindoingexercises.A、GirlstudentsB、GirlsstudentsC、Girls’studentsD、Girl’sstudents()21.Theyare________A、mandoctorB、mendoctorsC、mendoctorD、mandoctors5()22Thosewhitesocks____small.A、areB、isC、amD、do()23Howmany_____dotheyhave?A、pictureB、picturesC、apicture()24TomandJimare___.A、friendsB、friendC、brotherD、sister()25Thisisroom.A、TomandMary’sB、Tom’sandMary’sC、Tom’sandMaryD、TomandMary()26.Wehadagoodtimeduringourholiday.A、two-weeksB、twoweeksC、two-week’sD、twoweeks’()27.Icanseesomeonthehill.A、sheepsanddeersB、sheepanddeerC、sheepsanddeerD、sheepanddee
本文标题:小学名词讲解及练习
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