辣根栽培技术大揭秘

辣根栽培技术大揭秘摘要：辣根,别名又叫西洋山萸菜，马萝卜，属十字花科辣根多年生宿根蔬菜。以内质根食用、其根内含有一种强烈的挥发油质物质，故有特殊的辛辣气味，主要用作肉类罐头的辛香料，日本食用的生鱼片时是必须的调味品。Abstract:horseradish,aliascalledAtlanticCornusdishes,horseradish,genusinCruciferaeperennialvegetablehorseradish.Withinamatterofediblerootroot,containingavolatileoilysubstancesstrongly,itisaspecialspicysmell,mainlyusedasaspicecannedmeat,theJapaneseeatsashimiismust.关键词：生长习性；整地栽种；田间管理Keywords:growthhabit;preparationplants;fieldmanagement1辣根简介1horseradish.别名：西洋山萸菜，马萝卜，属十字花科辣根多年生宿根蔬菜。以内质根食用、其根内含有一种强烈的挥发油质物质，故有特殊的辛辣气味，主要用作肉类罐头的辛香料，日本食用的生鱼片时是必须的调味品。我国自古将其入药，有利尿、兴奋神经的功效。Alias:AtlanticCornusdishes,horseradish,genusinCruciferaeperennialvegetablehorseradish.Withinamatterofediblerootroot,containingavolatileoilysubstancesstrongly,itisaspecialspicysmell,mainlyusedasaspicecannedmeat,theJapaneseeatsashimiismust.Chinasinceancienttimesthemedicine,adiuretic,excitatoryeffect.特征特性：辣根生长期2月上旬至11月上旬、亩产900kg左右。株高60cm左右，根圆柱形，肉质白色，皮厚，淡黄色、长30~50cm，直径4~6cm，须根四列，易生不定根，具有浓烈的辣味。短缩茎。Characteristics:MuhorseradishgrowthperiodofearlyFebruarytoearlyNovember,about900kg.Plantheightofabout60cm,cylindrical,thick,fleshywhite,paleyellow,long30~50cm,diameter4~6cmfourcolumn,fibrousroots,easyproducingadventitiousroots,withastrongspicy.Theshorteningstem.2以江苏沛县辣根基地为例，现将有关栽培技术介绍The2JiangsuPeixianhorseradishbaseasanexample,wewillintroducethecultivationtechnique2.1生长习性辣根性喜冷凉气候、但适应性强，具有较强的耐寒能力。冬季叶枯死，肉质根仍能越冬。生长温度-20~17℃。耐阴，适于半阴地栽培。生长发育的适温20℃左右。选种应选择生长健壮、在整个生长过程中无病虫害或者病虫害发生较轻的，长度15cm左右，粗1.0~1.5cm的侧根为种根。2.1growthhabitofhorseradishlikesthecoldclimate,butthestrongadaptability,strongtolerancetocold.Winterleaveswithered,fleshyrootcanstillwinter.Thegrowthtemperatureof-20~17℃.Shade-tolerant,suitableforsemishadecultivation.Theoptimumgrowthtemperatureofabout20℃.Selectionshouldchooserobustgrowth,inthewholegrowthprocessnopestsordiseasesandinsectpestsoflighter,lengthofabout15cm,thick1.0~1.5cmrootastheroot.2.2整地栽种辣根是深耕性植物，应深翻土地，每亩施农家肥3000kg，复合肥50kg，施后浅翻1次，使基肥翻入土中，整细整平，作成1m宽的高畦，畦高30cm，畦沟宽25cm左右，畦以南北走向为宜，春栽2月上旬到3月上旬，不晚于4月上旬；栽种方法有平栽、斜栽、横栽3种，一般以斜栽为主，栽前在畦上按株距30~40cm、行距50~60cm南北向浅沟。://~40cm50~60cmnorthandsouthtotheshallowtrench.2.3田间管理田间管理条件适宜的情况下，在扦插后两周即可发芽出土，40d左右出苗。出牙后及时查苗补苗，松土除草，防止土壤板结，并拔去土壤，及时将主根上抽生的部分侧根除去，再覆土压实，这样方可获得粗大而结实的肉质根。同时要挖好排水沟，保持畅通，防涝伤根。生长期及时浇水，保持土壤见干见湿。2.3fieldmanagementfieldmanagementconditionssuitableforthecircumstances,inthetwoweeksaftercuttingcanbegerminationunearthed,about40demergence.Hepromptlyaftercheckingsproutreplant,weeding,preventsoilcompaction,andpulloutthesoil,inpartontheremovaloflateralrootextraction,soilcompaction,suchpartymayobtainthethickandstrongfleshyroot.Atthesametimetodigadrainageditch,tomaintainsmooth,preventwaterloggingroot.Growthperiodtimelywatering,keepthesoildryandwet.田间管理是辣根高产的关键。4月下旬出苗后，苗高10~15cm时间苗，去强留弱，每株留3~4个新苗，并且除草、松土、追肥1次。每亩尿素15kg。6月后，是辣根地上部分快速生长期，进行第2次追肥，每亩尿素15kg，到封底时应及时中耕2~3次，最后一次中耕除草要结合培土进行，以防止辣根倒伏。多雨季节要注意排水。Fieldmanagementisthekeytoobtainhighyieldofhorseradish.InlateAprilafteremergence,seedlingheight10~15cmseedlings,staystrongtoweak,eachstrain3~4abud,andweeding,scarification,fertilization1times.15kgureapermu.AfterJune,ishorseradishonthepartoftherapidgrowthperiod,seconddressing,everymusof15kgurea,tocovershouldbepromptlyintertillage2~3times,thelasttimeweedingtocombinebanking,inordertopreventthehorseradishlodging.Therainyseasonshouldpayattentiontodrainage.2.4病虫害防治病害防治：辣根忌连作，生茬地基本上无病害，主要病害有青霉病、白霉病、霜霉病。辣根青霉病和白霉病一般农户种植时用70%百菌清600倍侵种30~40min，苗期再喷1~2次，霜霉病可用百菌清750倍叶面防治。2.4pestdiseasecontrol:horseradishavoidcontinuouscropping,studentsstubblebasicallywithoutdisease,maindiseasesofPenicilliumexpansum,whitemildew,downymildew.HorseradishPenicilliumexpansumandwhitemoldofgeneralfarmersplantedwith70%chlorothalonil600timestheinvasivespecies30~40min,seedlingspray1~2times,downymildewavailablechlorothalonil750timesfoliartreatment.虫害防治：辣根由于其地下根具有辛辣味，不易发生地下病虫害。在连作时，地老虎较多，用辛硫磷进行防治;地上部叶面主要受菜青虫危害，蚜虫危害叶片及嫩梢。Pestcontrol:horseradishduetoitsrootwithspicyflavor,noteasytoundergroundpests.Inthecontinuouscropping,tigermore,Phoximand;thefoliageismainlyaffectedbythecabbageaphidsdamage,leavesandtendershoots.2.5适时收获辣根生长期长，根据其生长特性，5~7月份是营养成长期，8~10月份是生殖生长期，又因辣根的抗冻性很强，收获其可从11月份到第2年3月份，一般在当年土壤封冻前收获，收早了影响产量，辣度不够，收收晚了容易冻伤，最佳收获时期为10月下旬至11月上旬（寒露至霜降）~7monthisthenutritiongrowthperiod,8~10monthisthereproductivegrowthstage,andbecauseoffrostresistanceofhorseradishisverystrong,itcanbeharvestedfromNovembertoMarchsecondyears,generallyintheyearbeforesoilfreezinghar