非谓语动词Done

过去分词过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则,要求要一一记住。(1)过去分词作定语：OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。Thoseselectedascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting.当选为委员的人将出席这次会。注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。(2)过去分词作表语：Thewindowisbroken.窗户破了。Theywerefrightenedatthesadsight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。注意：be+过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：Thewindowisbroken.（系表）Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.（被动）有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：boiledwater（开水）fallenleaves（落叶）newlyarrivedgoods（新到的货）therisensun（升起的太阳）thechangedworld（变了的世界）这类过去分词有：gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed等。(3)过去分词作宾语补足语：Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：Withtheworkdone,theywentouttoplay.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。(4)过去分词作状语：Praisedbytheneighbors,hebecametheprideofhisparents.受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）Givenmoretime,I'llbeabletodoitbetter.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）Filledwithhopesandfears,heenteredthecave.心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。非谓语动词与谓语动词的关系相同点（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：Theybuiltagarden.Theysuggestedbuildingagarden.（2）都可以被状语修饰：Thesuitfitshimverywell.Thesuitusedtofithimverywell.（3）都有主动与被动,“体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如：Hewaspunishedbyhisparents.（谓语动词被动语态）Heavoidedbeingpunishedbyhisparents.（动名词的被动式）Wehavewrittenthecomposition.（谓语动词的完成时）Havingwrittenthecomposition,wehandeditin.（现在分词的完成式）（4）都可以有逻辑主语Theystartedtheworkatonce.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）Thebossorderedthemtostartthework.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）WeareLeaguemembers.（谓语动词的主语）WebeingLeaguemember,theworkwaswelldone.（现在分词的逻辑主语）(5)否定式一般用not,并且放在非谓语动词和谓语动词之前不同点（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。（4）谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。(5)非谓语在英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。专项练习1.someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.havingbeenfollowedby2.Mostofthepeopletothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting3.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandsbehindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied4.fromspace,theearth,withwaterseventypercentofitssurface,lookslikeablueball.A.Seen,coveredB.Seen,coveringC.Seeing,coveringD.Seeing,covered5.Ancrowdisawaitingthearrivalofthefilmstar.A.excitedB.excitingC.exciteD.excitedly6．Thebuilding_______byhimisunderconstruction．A．tobedesignedB．designedC．beingdesignedD．tohavedesigned7．Theman_______usattheairportyesterdayisgoingtospeaktoustonight．A．meetingB．tomeetC．whometD．tobemeeting8．Mostoftheartists________tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica．A．invitedB．toinviteC．beinginvitedD．hadbeeninvited9．Theaccident_______yesterdaywascausedbycarelessness．A．happenedB．havinghappenedC．whichhappenedD．happening10．_______fromthetallestbuilding，thewholecitylooksverybeautiful．A．SeeingB．SeeC．SawD．Seen11.Iwon’thave_____suchwordstoyourparents.A.sayB.tosayC.sayingD.said12.Myhairistoolong,soI’dliketohaveit________.A.cutB.tocutC.cuttingD.beingcut13.WhenIreturnedhome,Iwassurprisedtofindallthewindowsofmyhouse_________.A.openB.tohaveopenedC,openingD.opened14.WhenMathildewasonherwayhome,shesuddenlyfoundhernecklace_______.A.missedB.missingC.losingD.lost15.Wewereveryexcitedtowatchthenationalflag______inthebluesky.A.risenB.toberisenC.raisingD.rising