PEC材料工程英语证书考试-材料试验词汇

PEC材料工程英语证书考试-材料试验词汇AAdherence—Theextenttowhichacoatingbondstoasubstrate.AdherenceIndex--MeasureoftheAdherenceofporcelainenamelandceramiccoatingstosheetmetal.AlphaRockwellHardness—IndexoftheresistanceofaplastictosurfacepenetrationbyaspecifiedindenterunderspecifiedloadappliedwithaRockwellHardnesstester.HighervaluesindicatehigherindentationHardness.AxialStrain—TheStraininthedirectionthattheloadisapplied,oronthesameaxisastheappliedload.Analogueboard—Amachinecircuitboard,whichconvertsanaloguesignalsintodigitalsignal.AnchorPin—AsteelpinthatconnectsagriporjigtoaneyeendAutoReturn—AutoReturn,whensettoon,causesthecrossheadtoreturnautomaticallytoitsZeropointattheendofthetest.BBendTest—MethodformeasuringDuctilityofcertainmaterials.Therearenostandardizedtermsforreportingbendtestresultsforbroadclassesofmaterials;rather,termsassociatedwithbendtestsapplytospecificformsortypesofmaterials.Forexample,materialsspecificationssometimesrequirethataspecimenbebenttoaspecifiedinsidediameter(ASTMA-360,steelproducts).AbendtestforDuctilityofweldsisgiveninASTME-190.Resultsoftestsoffiberboardarereportedbyadescriptionofthefailureorphotographs.BendingStrength—AlternatetermforFlexuralStrength.Itismostcommonlyusedtodescribeflexurepropertiesofcastironandwoodproducts.BondStrength—Stress(tensileloaddividedbyareaofbond)requiredtoruptureabondformedbyanadhesivebetweentwometalblocks.BreakElongation—TheElongationofthespecimentothebreakpoint.BreakingLoad—Loadwhichcausesfractureinatensile,compression,flexureorTorsionTest.Intensiletestsoftextilesandyarns,breakingloadalsoiscalledbreakingstrength.Intensiletestsofthinsheetmaterialsormaterialsinformofsmalldiameterwireitisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenbreakingloadandthemaximumloaddeveloped,sothelatterisconsideredthebreakingload.BreakingStrength—Stressrequiredrupturingthespecimen.GLOSSARYOFMATERIALSTESTINGBulkModulusofElasticity—RatioofStresstochangeinvolumeofamaterialsubjectedtoaxialloading.RelatedtoModulusofElasticity(E)andPoisson'sRatio(r)bythefollowingequation:BulkModulusK=E/3(1-2r).CleavageStrength—Tensileloadrequiredtocauseseparationofa1-in.longmetal-to-metaladhesivebondundertheconditionssetinASTMD-1062.ClimbingDrumPeelTest—MethodfordeterminingPeelResistanceofadhesivebondbetweenarelativelyflexibleandarigidmaterial.(ASTMD-1781).CoefficientofElasticity—AnalternatetermforModulusofElasticity.CohesiveStrength—TheoreticalStressthatcausesfractureintensiletestifmaterialexhibitsnoplasticdeformation.ComplexModulus—Measureofdynamicmechanicalpropertiesofamaterial,takingintoaccountenergydissipatedasheatduringdeformationandRecovery.Itisequaltothesumofstaticmodulusofamaterialanditslossmodulus.Inthecaseofshearloading,itiscalleddynamicmodulus.Compressibility—ExtenttowhichamaterialiscompressedintestforcompressibilityandRecoveryofgasketmaterials.ItisusuallyreportedwithRecovery.CompressibilityandRecoveryTest—Methodformeasuringbehaviorofgasketmaterialsundershorttimecompressiveloadingatroomtemperature.ASTMF-36outlinesastandardprocedure.Thistestisnotdesignedtoindicatelongterm(creep)behaviorandshouldnotbeconfusedwiththeplastometertest.Compression—TypicallyadirectionofforceappliedtoasampletodecreaseitsheightCompressionFatigue—Abilityofrubbertosustainrepeatedfluctuatingcompressiveloads.(ASTMD-623)Compressionset—Theextenttowhichrubberispermanentlydeformedbyaprolongedcompressiveload(ASTMD-395).Shouldnotbeconfusedwithlowtemperaturecompressionset.Compressiontest—Methodfordeterminingbehaviorofmaterialsundercrushingloads.Specimeniscompressed,anddeformationatvariousloadsisrecorded.Compressivestressandstrainarecalculatedandplottedasastress-straindiagramwhichisusedtodetermineelasticlimit,proportionallimit,yieldpoint,YieldStrengthand(forsomematerials)compressivestrength.StandardcompressiontestsaregiveninASTMC-773(highstrengthceramics),ASTME-9(metals),ASTME-209(metalsatelevatedtemperatures)andASTMD-695(plastics).Compression-DeflectionTest—NondestructivemethodfordeterminingrelationshipbetweencompressiveloadanddeflectionunderloadforspecimenCompressiveDeformation—ExtenttowhichamaterialdeformsunderaCrushingLoad.CompressiveStrength—Maximumstressamaterialcansustainundercrushloading.Compressivestrengthiscalculatedbydividingthemaximumloadbytheoriginalcross-sectionalareaofaspecimeninacompressiontest.CompressiveYieldStrength—Stresswhichcausesamaterialtoexhibitaspecifieddeformation.Usuallyitisdeterminedfromthestress-straindiagramobtainedinacompressiontest.Creep—Deformationthatoccursoveraperiodoftimewhenamaterialissubjectedtoconstantstressatconstanttemperature.Inmetals,creepusuallyoccursonlyatelevatedtemperatures.Creepatroomtemperatureismorecommoninplasticmaterialsandiscalledcoldflowordeformationunderload.Dataobtainedinacreeptestusuallyispresentedasaplotofcreepvs.timewithstressandtemperatureconstant.SlopeofthecurveiscreeprateandendpointofthecurveisTimeforRupture.Asindicatedintheaccompanyingdiagram,thecreepofamaterialcanbedividedintothreestages.Firststage,orprimarycreep,startsatarapidrateandslowswithtime.Secondstage(secondary)creephasarelativelyunifor