American-culture---Food-美国文化之食物

[e-mail]•Whatweputinourmouthsdoesbecomeapartofus•Whatweeatreflectswhoweare--aspeopleandasaculture.•LearningaboutAmericanfoodcangiveusarealtasteofAmericancultureWhatisAmericanfood?•Meltingpot/saladbowl•Greatvariety•OnecanfindalmosteverykindofethnicfoodinAmerica•Italianpizza,MexicantacosandChineseeggrollsMeal•Breakfast-between7:00and9:00,•Lunch-between12:00and1:30p.m.•Dinner(sometimescalledSupper)-Themainmeal.Eatenanytimebetween6:30and8:00p.m.(Eveningmeal)Breakfast•Formal---eggs,bacon,sausages,friedbread,mushroomsandbakedbeans•Easy---bowlofcereals,asliceoftoast,orangejuiceoracupofcoffee.Lunch•'packedlunch‘---asandwich,apacketofcrisps,apieceoffruitandadrinkHamburgervshotdog•Hamburger---akindofsandwichmadewithgroundbeefthatisfriedandputintoabun.•Plain•Onion,lettuce,freshtomato•Ketchup,mustard•Hotdog---cookedfrankfurterthatisputinalongsoftbun•mustard,ketchup,onion,mayonnaiseCafeteriaTeatime•hightea/coffeebreak/afternoontea•fourorfiveo'clockandnoonestayedafterseveno'clock.•Mosttearoomstodayserveteafromthreetofiveo'clock.Teatime•Blackteaservedwithmilkandsugar;usuallyinamug•Gowithchocolate,biscuit,cake,pie,etc•Chat&relaxDinner•Starterorfirstcourse•Maincourse•DessertStarter•asmallercoursethatprecedesthemaincourse•Friedmushrooms,•friedonionrings(洋葱圈)•friedzucchini(小胡瓜)•SaladMaincourse•thefeaturedorprimarydishinameal•followstheentrée(entry)course,andthesaladcourse•theheaviest,heartiest,andmostcomplexorsubstantivedishonamenu•usuallymeatorfishBeef---Steak•Raw•Seared,Bluerareorveryrare•Rare•Mediumrare•Medium•Mediumwelldone•Welldone•OvercookHowtocookasteak?Fish•Codfish•Salmon•Shrimp•Mussel•Scallop•Crab•OysterPasta•spaghetti(thinstrings)•macaroni(tubesorcylinders)•Fusilli(swirls)•Ravioli(filledpasta)PizzaDessertTablemanner•Assoonasthehostesspicksuphernapkin(餐巾）,pickyoursupandlayitonyourlap.Sometimesarollofbreadiswrappedinit;ifso,takeitoutandputitonyoursideplate.•Dinnerusuallybeginswithsoup.Thelargestspoonatyourplaceisthesoupspoon.Itwillbebesideyourplateattheright-handside.•Ifthereisafishcourse,itwillprobablyfollowthesoup.Theremaybeaspecialforkforthefish,oritmaybesimilartothemeatfork.Oftenitissmaller.•ThemainCourseisusuallyservedbythehosthimself,especiallyifitisafowl(鸡禽）oraroastwhichneedtobecarved.Hewilloftenaskseachguestwhatpieceheprefers,anditisquitepropertostateyourpreferenceastoleanorfat,dark（红肉）orlight（白肉）.•IfyouhaveEnglishandAmericanfriendsyouwillnoticeafewdifferencesintheircustomsofeating.Forthemainormeatcourse,theEnglishkeeptheforkinthelefthand,pointcurveddownward,andbringthefoodtothemoutheitherbystickingthepointsontoitorinthecaseofsoftvegetables,byplacingitfirmlyontheforkinthispositionwiththeknife.•Americanscarvethemeatinthesameposition,thenlaydowntheknifeandtakingtheforkintherighthandwiththepointturnedup,pushitunderasmallpieceoffoodwithoutthehelpoftheknifeandbringittothemouthright-side-up.•Ifaservantpassesfoodaround,hewillpassthedishinatyourlefthandsothatyoucanconvenientlyserveyourselfwithyourrighthand.Neverserveyourselfwhilethedishisonyourright;itisthentheturnofyourneighborontheright.•Itispolitetotakesomeofeverythingthatispassedtoyou.Butifthereissomethingyoumaynotlike,youmayquietlysay:Nothankyou.•Asaladiseatenwithaforkonlyheldintherighthandwithpointsturnedup.Thereisusuallyaspecialoneforthesalad,alittlesmallerthanthemeatfork.•Breadistakeninthefingersandlaidonthesideplateortheedgeofthelargeplate,itisnevertakewithafork.Butteristakenfromthebutterdishwiththebutterknifeandplacedonthesideplate,notonone'sbread.•Itisimpoliteforaguesttoleavethetableduringameal,orbeforethehostessgivesthesignalattheend.Whenthehostessindicatesthatthedinnerisover,shewillstarttorisefromherseatandalltheguestsrisefromtheirsatthesametime.•Situpstraightonyourchair;•Donotputmuchfoodinyourmouthatatime;•Drinkonlywhenthereisnofoodinyourmouth;•Trynottogetintoyourmouthanythingthatwillhavetobetakenout;•Donotmakeanynoisewhenyoueat;•Donotcleanyourteethatthetableoranywhereinpublic,eitherwithyourfingeroratoothpick(牙签）,notevenwithyoutongue.•Don'tputyourownutensilsintoaservingbowl.Usetheutensilinthebowltoputsomeofthefoodonyourownplate,andthenreturntheservingutensiltothebowl.•Don'tspitfoodanywhere.Ifyouhavebonesinyourmouth,takethemoutwithyourfingersandplacethemontheedgeofyourplate,neveronthetableoronthefloor.•Don'tdrinksoupoutofthebowl.Useaspoon.•Don'treachacrossthetableorinfrontofanotherperson.Asksomeonetopasswhateveryouwant.•Don'tputnetshellsorfruitpeelingonthefloor.Puttheminaplateoranashtray,oronatable•Don'tbelchoutloud.Ifyoudo,youmustsay:Excusemequietlyandgoonwiththeconversation.•Don'tsneezeorblowyournoseanywhereexceptintoahandkerchieforaKleenex.Ifyoucough,coveryourmouthwithyourhand