精品-高中英语语法通霸-7.定语从句语法常考点专项总结归纳讲解与高考真题详细分类练习题及答案

1第七章定语从句相关概念主句、从句、关系词例句：ThisistheboywhowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition.主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。(例句中，Thisistheboy.是主句。)定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。）(例句中，whowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition是定语从句，修饰theboy。)先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。(例句中，theboy是先行词。)关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。(例句中，who是关系代词。)关系词的三个作用作定语从句的一个句子成分。起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P.错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。）。代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中，who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词theboy。）关系代词指人时可以用who,也可用that。Doyouknowtheboywho/thatismydeskmate?Themanwho/thatwaskilledintheaccidentisTom’suncle.指物时可以用which,也可用that。Ilikevisitingplaceswhich/thatarenotfaraway.Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday.whose可以指人也可以指物。Hewasapainterwhosepictureswerenotwell-knowninhislifetime.Thetreewhoseleavesareredwasplantedlastyear.关系代词作宾语时可以省略。Ilikethemealthat/which/()wehadlastnight.Doyouknowtheboywho/whom/that/()wetalkedaboutjustnow?注：（）表示关系代词省略关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。如：Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweekwhentheweathermaybebetter.Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.Thatisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleave.ThisisthewayhowIdidit.(how不能作关系词)基础过关1.用合适的关系词完成句子。Theman______/______washereyesterdayisapainter.Theman______/______/______/______IsawiscalledSmith.Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.I’dlikearoom______windowlooksoutoverthesea.Aletter______/______iswritteninpencilishardtoread.Theletter______/______/______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.Thatistheboy______/______/______/______youarelookingfor.Doyouknowthereason______hewaslateforthemeeting？Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.Istillremembertheday______wemetforthefirsttime.2.用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。主句：______定语从句:（）先行词：先行词关系词：例：Thisisthebook(thatIhavebeenlookingfor).Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.Haveyouboughtthebookwhichwetalkedabout？Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohn’ssister.Thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldn’tbefriends.Theyarrivedintheearlymorningwhentheskywasstilldark.Thedaysweregonewhenwehadtotravelonhorses.Isthisthehospitalwhereyouwereborn?关系词的选择选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句．．．．中作什么成分含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。HeworkedinthefactorywhichproducesTVsets.Heworkedinthefactorywherehisfatherhadworked.Iliketheschoolwhichisneartomyhome.Iliketheschoolwheremysisterstudies.在句1和句2中，先行词前都有in,但关系词有用which也有用where的；在句3和句4中，先行词都是theschool,但关系词有用which也有用where的。因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。在句1和句3中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词which；在句2和句4中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词where。我们可以看出，用．哪个．．关系词，主．．．．．要．看．关系词．．．在定．．语从句中．．．．作．什么成分．．．．。选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词。（参看本章第1讲）还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原(答疑qq329950885)为完整的一句话。（可以添词）替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where,原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用which/that即可）例如：Thisistheschool______Ioncestudied.Thisistheschool______isthemostfamousinthecity.Iamstudyingataschool______myfatherteachesEnglish.找：（略）还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：Ioncestudiedattheschool.Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool.粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。替换：根据“对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where,2.本该用what,在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。因此，答案为：1.where；2.that/which；3.where关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首【2009江西】ThehouseIgrewup______hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.whyIsthisthereason______hewassocarelessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.whyThereason______hedidn’tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;whatHelivesinavillage______isnotfarfromthecity.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whoseHelivesinthevillage______hewasborn.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whoseInanhour,wetraveltoplaces______couldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.whatInanhour,wetraveltoplaces______wecanrelaxandgetrefreshed.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.whatTheplace______interestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich3Theplace______hehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildren’sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhereI’llneverforgetthedays______westudiedtogether.A.thatB./C.whenD.AandBI’llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.A.thatB./C.whenD.AandBIfwewanttohaveabrightfuture,wemustlearntoactinways______donotdoharmtootherlivingthings.A.inwhichB./C.howD.thatIsthisthefactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?A.whenB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhichIsthisfactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?A.whichB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhichThisisthefactory______producescolorTVsets.A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich【2010天津】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber’s______Igo.It’sonly15.A.asB.whichC.whereD.that【2011陕西】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,______weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that【2011福建】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmos-phe