初中英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习

1初中英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）2一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数词）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.（介词短语）Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来），look（看起来），feel（摸起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝、吃起来），remain（保持，仍是），feel（感觉）….Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.三、宾语：1）动作的承受者——动宾IlikeChina.（名词）3Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语——间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）五、主补：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）4YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）七、状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.记忆口诀：动词种类速记：英语动词分四种，行为连系助动情。动作状态为行动，充当谓语有作用；连系动词有意义，不能独立作谓语，须与表语在一起，常用look，become，be助动词无意义，不能独立作谓语，时态、疑问和否定，do，be，will最常用情态动词must，can，may，表示语气和情态，人称与数无变化，动词原形跟着它。感官、使役动词：一感二听三使四看一感：feel二听：hear，listen三使：make，let，have四看：lookat，see，watch，notice用法口诀感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动句中它走开，被动句中它回来，动词let要除外，to词可来可不来。