2016年高考英语语法填空-一轮二轮复习--快速提分应试技巧

2016年吴军高考英语语法填空高频规律教案纯空格题：考查冠词、代词、介词和连词等四类词。有提示题：谓语动词的时态和语态（主谓一致）非谓语动词形容词和副词及比较级、最高级和词类转换（词性转换、加否定或反义的前/后缀）等。语法填空七字诀：“全”：看完整句；“位”：确定空格所处的位置，分清在句子当中充当什么作用（词性为主）；“考”：知道考什么；“形”：知道用什么形式（主被动，词性的变化，特别是不规则词形的变化和书写等）；“断”：对于长难句，要学会断句（断成相对完整的小单位，使空格的位置明朗化）；“删”：对于复杂句，要学会删掉修饰部分，让句子的基本结构浮出水面。“查”：填完后，读一遍，看是否自然通顺、前后一致、符合逻辑，看整体是否完整。2016年吴军高考英语语法填空词易错点归纳容易拼写错的数字：1.eighth第八2.ninth第九3.forty四十4.twelfth第十二5.twentieth第二十以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母：双写规则口诀:重读闭音节有特点，词尾是两“辅”夹一“元”。若把-ing，-er（-est），-ed添，辅音字母要双写全。注：两“辅”夹一“元”：指单词最后三个字母是“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”（最后一个字母如是w，x，y除外），其中元音字母所发的音是该单词的重音。即“以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词”。1.admit(admitted,admitting)承认2.permit(permitted,permitting)允许3.regret(regretted,regretting)后悔4.forget(forgotten,forgetting)忘记unforgettable5.control(controlled,controlling)控制6.occur(occurred,occurring)出现7.prefer(preferred,preferring)宁愿8.refer(referred,referring)提到9.equip(equipped,equipping)装备注意：quarrel,signal,travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）另外注意destroy(destroyed),employ(employed),shyer;shyest.部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词:1.broadcast(broadcast,broadcast)广播2.flee(fled,fled)逃跑3.forbid(forbade,forbidden)禁止4.forgive(forgave,forgiven)原谅5.freeze(froze,frozen)结冰6.hang(作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)7.lie(作“说谎”讲时，是规则的；作“位于”讲时，其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain)8.seek(sought,sought)寻求9.shake(shook,shaken)发抖10.sing(sang,sung)唱歌11.sink(sank,sunk/sunken)下沉12.spread(spread,spread)传播13.swim(swam,swum)游泳14.tear(tore,torn)撕碎15.weave(wove,woven)编织注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化:1.long—length长度—lengthen加长2.wide—width宽度—widen3.high—height高度—heighten4.strong—strength力量—strengthen5.deep—depth—deepen6.short—shortness—shorten7.broad—broadness—broaden8.large—largeness—enlarge以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或ed：2016年吴军高考英语语法填空词类转换A.v.n.adj.adv.actualactuallyappointappointed/appointmentdisableability;inability;disabilityable;unable;disabledabsentabsenceabsentabsolute;absolutenessabsoluteabsolutelyabsorbabsorbedacceptacceptanceacceptableaccessaccessaccessibleaccidentaccidental;accidentallyaccomplishaccomplishmentachieveachievementachievableactactionactivateactivityactiveaddictaddictionaddictedadditionadditionaladjustadjustmentadmireadmirationadmirableadmitadmissionadvanceadvanceadvancedadvantageadvantageadvantageousadvertiseadvertisementadviseadviceageageagedagreeagreementagreeableagricultureagriculturalallowallowanceallowable吴军高频考点归纳一、代词、冠词高频考点代词高频考点：⑴.不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing,someone,somebody,anybody等的用法;⑵.替代词it,that,those,one/ones的用法;⑶.it的特殊用法;⑷.指示代词this,that,these,those,such等的用法;⑸.人称代词格的变化;⑹.物主代词、反身代词及疑问代词的用法。【解题思路】⑴.代词代的是人还是物;⑵.代词代的是可数名词还是不可数名词;⑶.代词代的是特指还是泛指;⑷.代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上;⑸.代词表示的是肯定还是否定概念;⑹.修饰名词的不定代词（another,theother,many,much,either,neither,both,any,all,each等）冠词高频考点：若空格后面的名词或形容词+名词前没有物主代词his/her/my等、不定代some/any/other/another等、名词所有格、指示代词this/that/these/those等限定词时，很可能填冠词。【解题思路】1).如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一个（本、种、杯------）”时，一般填a/an.；如果可翻译成“这、这些、那、那些”时，一般填the.2).泛指填a\an,特指填the.3).如果名词后面有:of短语、不定式、分词或从句等做定语时可能填the.a/an/the用法顺口溜：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；普转专有名，习语及乐器。1、缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。[例27]IcansendamessagetoKenyawheneverIwantto,and__38_getstherealmostinasecond.and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是themessage，替代themessage用代词it。2、名词前是空格，若该名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词his,their等形容词性物主代词，或some,any,other(s),another等限定词。[例28]Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960—1279)wasveryanxioustohelp__33__ricecropgrowupquickly.名词ricecrop前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词his。[例29]Thelittleboypulled___33___righthandoutofthepocket…（his）[例30]…theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto__35_smalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词，应填限定词；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填a。〖2015湖南卷〗Youneedtolearnhowtosortthroughandfindtherelevantinformationforyourparticularproject.Also,55needtochecktheaccuracyofit.〖2015广东卷〗Nowitoccurredto___25___thathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.〖2015新课标I卷〗ItwasraininglightlywhenIarrivedinYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhoursbefore,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with__63_(it)chokingsmog.〖2015新课标II卷〗Theadobedwellings(土坯房)61（build）bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven62mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.〖2015湖南卷〗Forallyouinformation,youdon'thavetogoto49librarytofindtherelevantresourceandtakenotesonit.Instead,youcanfindsomesourcesfromtheInternet〖2015广东卷〗Mr.Johnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heowned___16___farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.luckily,healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.55.you25.him63.its62.the49.the16.a〖2014辽宁卷〗Jonny:Keepholdingyourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthandflexibility.Raiseyourlegandlet65stayintheairforseconds.〖2014新课标卷〗Now,earslater,thisriverisoneof_63___mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.〖2014湖南卷〗Byavoidingthingslikelytoupsetyourneighbors,youcanenjoy52friendlyrelationshipwiththem.〖2014湖南卷〗Wecanchooseourfriends,butusuallywecannotchooseourneighbors.However,togetahappyhomelife,wehavetogetalongwith48aswellaspossible.〖2014湖南卷〗Animportantqualityinaneighborisconsiderationfor49.Peopleshouldnotdothingswhichwilldisturb