【托福阅读】精选阅读真题长难句50句

【托福阅读】精选阅读真题长难句50句1、Laterexperimentsinwhichresearchersplayedrecordingsofsongstoyoungbirdsshowedjusthowprecisethisinfluencewas,manyofthemwouldlearntheexactpatternoftherecordingtheyhadheard.2、Thecrudesongofabirdrearedinisolationgivessomecluesastowhatthisroughideamaybethelength,thefrequencyrangeandthebreakingupintonotesareallaspectsofchaffinchsongsharedbetweennormalbirdsandthoserearedinisolation.3、Whateverthenatureofthelearningrulesinaparticularspecies,thereisnodoubtthattheyareeffective,itisveryunusualtohearawildbirdsingingasongwhichisnottypicalofitsownspeciesdespitethemanydifferentsongswhichoftenoccurinasmallpatchofwoodland.4、Chemicalanalysisofbonesenablesarchaeologiststodeterminetheproportionofmeattovegetablefoodsinthedietbymeasuringtheproportionofcalciumtostrontiuminancientbonebecausestrontiuminplaceofcalciuminbonescomesprimarilyfromingestedplants.5、Eachdwellinghadadifferentarrangementofthegiantbones,whichcamefromtheskeletonsoflong-deadanimalsretrievedfromthesurroundingareabyoccupantsofthesite,notfromanimalstheyhadrecentlyhunted.6、Inaprecedent-settingdecision,theFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommissionorderedthedamremovedafterconcludingthattheenvironmentalandeconomicbenefitsofafree-flowingriveroutweighedtheelectricitygeneratedbythedam.7、BuiltnearlyacenturyagotoprovidepowertolumberandpapermillsinthetownofPortAngeles,thesedamsblockedaccesstoupstreamspawningbedsforsixspeciesofsalmononwhatoncewasoneofthemostproductivesalmonriversintheworld.8、TheHetchHetchyDaminYosemiteNationalParkmightbetakendowntorevealwhatJohnMuir,thefounderoftheprestigiousenvironmentalorganizationSierraClub,calledavalley“justasbeautifulandworthyofpreservationasthemajesticYosemite.”9、Achancecollisionbetweentwocomets,orthegravitationalinfluenceofoneoftheJovianplanets—Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,andNeptune—mayoccasionallyaltertheorbitofacometintheseregionsenoughtosendittotheinnersolarsystemandintoourview.10、ThesecometsappeartobedistributedinalldirectionsfromtheSun,formingasphericalshellaroundthesolarsystem,calledtheOortcloud,aftertheDutchastronomerJanOort.11、Afterthearrivalofhunter-gatherersinthesouthwesternregionofNorthAmerica,severalalternativetypesofagricultureemerged,allinvolvingdifferentsolutionstotheSouthwest’sfundamentalproblem:howtoobtainenoughwatertogrowcropsinanenvironmentinwhichrainfallissolowandunpredictablethatlittleornofarmingispracticedtheretoday.12、ThatfateactuallybefelltheMimbres,whostartedbyfarmingthefloodplainandthenbegantofarmadjacentlandabovethefloodplainastheirpopulationcametoexceedthefloodplain’scapacitytosupportit.13、However,whendroughtconditionsreturned,thatgambleleftthemwithapopulationdoublewhatthefloodplaincouldsupport,andMimbressocietycollapsedsuddenlyunderthestress.14、Onemorestrategywastoplantcropsatmanysiteseventhoughrainfallwaslocallyunpredictableandthentoharvestcropsatwhicheversitesdidgetenoughraintoproduceagoodharvestandtoredistributesomeoftheharvesttothepeoplestilllivingatallthesitesthatdidnothappentoreceiveenoughrainthatyear.15、Sanitationproblemscausedbylarger,moresedentarypopulationswouldhavehelpedtransmitdiseasesinhumanwaste,aswouldtheuseofanimaldungforfertilizer.16、Theincreaseinmanyofthesecamenotonlyfromthefactthatfewerpeopleweredyingfrominfectiousdiseaseandwerelivinglongerbutalsofromtheresultsofmodernlifestylesindevelopedcountriesandamongtheupperclassesofdevelopingcountries–amoresedentarylifeleadingtolessphysicalactivity,morestress;environmentalpollution,andhigh-fatdiets.17、Thisevolutionmayhavebeenencouragedbywhatsomeauthoritiesconsiderouroveruseofantibiotics,givingmicroorganismsagreaterchancetoevolveresistancebyexposingthemtoaconstantbarrageofselectivechallenges.18、Therefore,onmanyreefsitisthefast-growing,branchingcoralsthatultimatelydominateattheupper,shallowerportionofthereef,whereasmoremassiveformsdominateindeeperareas.19、Thefactthatalmostallsmallinvertebratesonreefsaresowellhiddenorhighlycamouflagedisanotherindicatorofhowprevalentpredationisonreefsanditsimportanceindeterminingreefstructure.20、Finally,theyneedreliablemethodsofstoragebecause,whereplantfoodscannotprovideadietarysafetynet,planninghastobepreciseanddetailedtoensurethatthereisenoughtotidethemoverinperiodsofshortage.21、Coinsalsoprovideavaluablesourceofwrittenrecords:theycanrevealinformationaboutthelocationwheretheyarefound,whichcanprovideevidenceabouttradepracticesthere,andtheirinscriptionscanbeinformativeabouttheissuingauthority,whethertheywerecity-states(asinancientGreece)orsolerulers(asinImperialRomeorinthekingdomsofmedievalEurope).22、Thegreatriskwithhistoricalrecordsisthattheycanimposetheirownperspectivesothattheybeginnotonlytosupplytheanswerstoourquestionsbutsubtlytodeterminethenatureofthosequestionsandevenourconceptsandterminology.23、NotallbotanistsagreewithanAfrican-SouthAmericancenterfortheevolutionanddispersaloftheangiosperms,pointingoutthatmanyofthemostprimitiveformsoffloweringplantsarefoundintheSouthPacific,includingportionsofFiji,NewCaledonia,NewGuinea,easternAustralia,andtheMalayArchipelago.24、Toelaborate,beforetheeighthcentury,theelitemarria