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第2课时名词•一、名词后缀•二、名词单复数•三、名词所有格名词名词在句中多用来作主语、宾语、表语和定语。在英语应用能力考试中,要求考生根据题意把括号里所给的词变成名词。1.所填词的特征前有物主代词如my,his,her,their,our,your,its等前有冠词如a,an,the前有形容词如large,clever,foolish等前有冠词+形容词如thatancient,theclever等前有不定代词many,much,afew,alittle,several等2.所填词多为抽象名词或表示人的名词。如decision,illness,protection等(一)常见名词后缀表示人的名词后缀:1)-alcrime-criminal,2)–anCanada–Canadian,Australia-Australian,history–historian,music–musician3)–antaccount–accountant,assist–assistant4)–ar/er/orbeg-beggar,lie–liar,operate–operator,survive–survivor,law–lawyervillage–villager,5)–eeemploy–employee,interview–interviewee,6)–istscience–scientist,tour–tourist,journal–journalist,physics–physicist抽象名词后缀:1)-ance/enceexist–existence,depend–dependence,confident–confidence,different–difference,important–importance,distant–distanceintelligent–intelligence,appear–appearance2)–thdeep–depth,true–truth,warm–warmth,wide–width,dead–death,long–length,strong–strength,grow–growth,high–height3)–mentmove–movement,develop–development,arrange–arrangement,equip–equipment,judge–judgment常见名词后缀抽象名词后缀:4)–tion/ation/iondiscuss–discussion,pollute–pollution,decide–decision,conclude-conclusion,educate-education,operate-operation,invent–invention,protect–protection,predict–prediction,organize–organization,inform-information,consider–considerationimagine-imagination,invite–invitation,…5)–ingfind–findings,build–building,paint–painting抽象名词后缀:6)–nessill–illness,careful–carefulness,careless–carelessness,kind–kindness,weak–weakness,helpless–helplessness,7)–ageshort–shortage,marry–marriage,advance–advantage8)–tycertain–certainty,various–variety,honest–honesty抽象名词后缀:9)–alsurvive-survival,arrive-arrival,propose-proposal,approve–approval,refuse–refusal,withdraw–withdrawal10)–ityable–ability,capable-capabilityresponsible–responsibility,real–realitypossible–possibility,necessary–necessity,visible–visibilitynation–nationality名词加词缀变换为其他词性的情况后缀变换后的词性举例-ful形容词(充满)skill-skillful,success-successful-less形容词(无)care-careless,hope-hopeless-al-ic-ical形容词(的)tradition-traditionalindustry-industrialhistory-historical(历史的)-historic(有历史意义的)-ly形容词(品质的)friend-friendly,year-yearly-y形容词(充满,性质)storm-stormy,ease-easy,sun-sunny-ous形容词(多)danger-dangerous-en形容词(的)wood-wooden,gold-golden-ist名词(主义者,人)tour-tourist,journal-journalist-ian名词(人)music-musician,history-historian-en动词(使…更加)strength–strengthen名词加词缀变换为其他词性的情况(二)、可数名词1.名词复数规则变化•(1)、一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors,boy→boys•(2)、以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。•(3)、以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,例如:orange—oranges。•(4)、以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:city→cities,factory→factories,country→countries,family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy→boys,day→days。•(5)、以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,negro→negroes但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:photo→photos,piano→pianos。•(6)、以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves,half→halves。2.常见不规则变化的可数名词复数形式•1.Man•2.woman•3.foot•4.tooth•5.child•6.fish-fish/fishes•7.sheep•8.ox•9.deer•10.mouse2.常见不规则变化的可数名词复数形式•1.man-men•2.woman-women•3.foot-feet•4.tooth-teeth•5.child-children•6.fish-fish/fishes•7.sheep-sheep•8.ox-oxen(公牛)•9.deer-deer•10.mouse-mice3.表示国籍名词单复数变化规律•单数复数•1.aChinese中国人•2.aJapanese日本人•3.aGerman德国人•4.anAmerican美国人•5.anEgyptian埃及人•6.anArab阿拉伯人•7.aRussian俄国人•8.anItalian意大利人•9.aFrenchman法国人•10.anEnglishman英国人3.表示国籍名词单复数变化规律•单数复数•1.aChineseChinese中国人•2.aJapaneseJapanese日本人•3.aGermanGermans德国人•4.anAmericanAmericans美国人•5.anEgyptianEgyptians埃及人•6.anArabArabs阿拉伯人•7.aRussianRussians俄国人•8.anItalianItalians意大利人•9.aFrenchmanFrenchmen法国人•10.anEnglishmanEnglishmen英国人4.英语单词以F/FE结尾的名词变复数的口诀•以-f(e)结尾的名词,在中学课本里,出现了不少。其名词复数形式:有的直接在f(e)后加—s;有的要改—f(e)为ve再加-s;个别单词上述两种形式均可(如handkerchief→handkerchiefs或handkerchieves)。改—f(e)为ve再加-s;•妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)•小偷(thief)吓得发了慌•躲在架后(shelf)保己(-self)命(life)•半片(half)树叶(leaf)遮目光。5.可数名词可以用两种方式表示具体数量•1、直接在其前加数词;•2、在其前加of短语(of+可以用作计量的名词)。如:oneegg,twoeggs;onebasketofeggs,twobasketsofeggs6.只能用来修饰可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语few很少的(表示否定),afew一些(表示肯定),many(许多),howmany(多少),anumberof(许多的),several几个(三)、不可数名词•1.不可以直接以数字计算的名词。不可数名词要表示具体数量,必须借助of短语。如不能说onebread,但是可以说onepieceofbread和twopiecesofbread。•2.只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语:•2.只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语:•little很少的(表示否定);alittle一些(表示肯定),much(许多),howmuch(多少),abitof(一些)•3.既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语:•some(一些,用于肯定句),any(一些,用于否定和疑问句)alotof(许多),lotsof(许多(三)、名词做定语时如何确定它的数•1.一般情况下名词作定语时,当它所修饰的名词由单数变成复数时,它本身不需要变化,如:twoorangetrees桔子树,twobusdrivers公共汽车司机,但也有一些例外,•如:twomenteachers男教师、asportsmeet运动会,aclothesshop服装店,agoodstrain货运列车•2.“数词+名词”做定语,名词一般用单数形式。如:theSixthFive-YearPlan第六个五年计划•afive-year-oldboy一个五岁的男孩(四)名词作主语时,如何确定数•1、单数可数名词和不可数名词当单数看待,如:Thatboyistall.Thewaterinthislakeisclean.•2、集体名词看成整体时谓语动词用单数;把集体名词看成其成员或组成部分时,谓语动词用复数。Myfamilyisabigone.我的家庭是个大家庭。MyfamilyareallwatchingTV.我的全家人都在看电视。•3、下列名词以-s结尾,看似复数形式,但实际是单数意义,谓语动词要用单数,请同学们牢记:news消息,politics政治,physics物理,maths数学Physicsisveryhardtolearnwellforme.物理对我来说非常难学好。•4、像裤子、剪刀、眼镜这样的词总是以复数形式出现,谓语动词要用复数。Yourglassesa
本文标题:6名词-专插本英语汇总
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