Relative-Clause关系从句的用法

EnglishGrammarChangbiaoLiDecember,2009Lecture6MajorContentsLecture1IntroductiontoNEGLecture2Non-finiteverb(infinitive,-ing/-edparticiples)Lecture3Subject-verbconcordLecture4DeterminersLecture5Tense,aspect,voiceandmoodLecture6RelativeclauseLecture7CohesionandcoherenceLecture8Sentencepatterns(It-pattern,coordination/subordination,conditionalsentence,postponement/fronting/inversion,comparison)Lecture6RelativeClause1.PeerdiscussionCommentsonEssay3Passagecorrection1.DefinitionofRelativeClauseArelativeclauseisaclausethatisintroducedbyarelativewordbyarelativepronounorbyarelativedeterminerorbyarelativeadverbIshallneverforgetthedaywhenIenteredtheuniversity.antecedentRelativeclausebyarelativepronounSubstitutesb.Substitutesth.Substitutesb./sth.AssubjectwhowhichthatAsobjectwhomwhichthatAsattributiveWhose(ofwhom)Whose(ofwhich)examplesHeisamanwho/thatmeanswhathesays.Peoplewhosedogbiteotherpeopleshouldkeepthemtiedup.Thefewpoints(which/that)thepresidentstressedinhisreportareveryimportantindeed.byarelativeadverbRelativeadverbsSubstitutedantecedentfunctionswhenNounsdenotingtimeAdverbialoftimewhereNounsdenotingplaceAdverbialofplacewhyreasonsAdverbialofreasonExamplesIntheyearswhen(that/inwhich)foodwasnotenoughmanypeoplewerestarvedtodeath.ThenextdayJohnwentwithmetotherailwaystation,whereIboughtaticketforBeijing.Thatisthereasonwhy(that/forwhich)Iamnotinfavoroftheplan.2.Only“that”inuse,not“which,who,whom”MuchthatIlearnedinthebookisveryuseful.ProfessorLihastoldussomethingthatweshoulddointhesummervacation.Antecedent:all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,none,few2.Only“that”inuse,not“which,who,whom”Thisismostinterestingfilmthathasbeenproducedinrecentyears.ThefirstthingIamgoingtodoistowritetomyparents.ordinalnumeral/superlativedegree+Antecedent2.Only“that”inuse,not“which,who,whom”ThisistheverybookthatIhavebeenlookingfor.Thereisnopersonthatdoesn’tmakemistakes.no/every/some/only/very/much+Antecedent2.Only“that”inuse,not“which,who,whom”Theyaretalkingabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.Twoantecedents(sb.+sth./animal)2.Only“that”inuse,not“which,who,whom”Iknowthedifference(that)thereisbetweenyou.Thenumberofmistakes(that)thereareinthishomeworkissimplysurprising.antecedent+(that)therebe…3.Relativepronoun:butThereisnorulebuthassomeexceptions.Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalent.but=that(which/who)…not;用于no后4.Relativepronoun:thanYouspentmoremoneythanwasintendedtobespent.Hespendsmoremoneythanheearns.Theearthrevolvesalittlemorerapidlythanitisclosertothesun.than=comparativeadj.+antecedent5.RelativeadverbThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.Thefirsttime(that)Ienteredthecollegewasin1988.ordinalnumeral/last+time+(that)……time+that/when6.Relativepron.Weadmirethewayhesolvedtheproblem.Ingeneral,thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.theway+that/inwhich7.Restrictive/non-restrictiverelativeclauseTheauthorswho(whom/that)hementionedarewell-known.Heisthemanwhohasstrongpersonality.restrictiverelativeclause7.Restrictive/non-restrictiverelativeclauseTheclock,whichmygreat-grandfatherbought,isstillingoodorder.Heisgoingtothegolfcourse,whereheintendstoputinsomepractice.non-restrictiverelativeclause8.Thesame…as/such…as/as…as/so…asIlendyousuchbooksaswillinterestyou.Sheknewhefeltjustthesameasshedid.Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.Relativeadverb:as8.As/whichAs:1）代替主句整个或部分内容；2)引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首、句中或句尾；3）当as在其引导的从句中充当主语时，其位于动词通常是be或其他系动词以及被动语态，此时若as引导的定语从句不在句首，as和which可互换。Which：引导的非限制性定语从句不能位于句首；9.prep.+relativepron.Thisisthelargestclockintheworld,ofwhichtheminutehand/theminutehandofwhichissixmeterslong.Thesearetheconditions(which/that)hecan’tputupwith.Atthescenethereweretwocigarettesleft,oneofwhichwasstainedwithlipstick.10.DoublerelativeclauseReferringtoapostmodifiercomposedoftworelativeclausesthatshareoneandthesameantecedent.Thetwoclausesmaybeonthesamerankofstructureandareconnectedbyacoordinator.Youwilleasilyfindus;justlookforahousewhosewindowsneedwashingandwhosefenceneedsrepairing.10.DoublerelativeclauseTwoclausesmayalsobeplacedondifferentlevels.SheistheonlygirlIknowwhocanplaytheguitar.(Herethefirstrelativeclausemodifies“theonlygirl”,whilethesecondrelativeclausemodifies“theonlygirlIknow”)11.EmbeddedrelativeclauseItisaclausethatfunctionsbothasthepostmodifierofanounphraseinthemainclauseandastheobjectofanotherinsertedclause,i.e.,therelativeclauseisembeddedinanotherclause.Shehasanadoptedchildwhoshesayswasanorphan.(Herethewho-clauseisatoncethepostmodifierof“anadoptedchild”andtheobjectof“shesays”)1)Ex.33A-33D2)PreviewDeterminersLecture8Sentencepatterns(It-pattern,coordination/subordination,conditionalsentence,postponement/fronting/inversion,comparison)AssignmentsTobecontinued.