M5U1-Grammar-(2)

1Module5Unit1GrammarandusageLearningaims:1.Learnthegrammar–To-infinitiveandVerb-ingformasanoun:2.KeepsomephrasesandlanguagepointsinmindLearningprocedures:Step1:不定式是历年高考必考的内容。不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。1)Tofindabestfriendisdifficult.()2)Ineedtosleepforeighthourseverynight.()3)Iaskedhimtocomeover.()4)Ihaveaveryimportantmeetingtoattend.()5)Hisattentionwastocheermeup.()6)Mydadarrangedsomeswimminglessonstosurpriseme.()1)不定式做主语:Toplaybasketballwithyouisanunforgettableexperience.当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。Toplaybasketballwithyouisanunforgettableexperience.=Itisanunforgettableexperiencetoplaybasketballwithyou.It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：ItisimportantforTomtogetthatjob.//ItiskindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.It’sourdutytotakecareoftheold.//Ittookmethreehourstofinishthework.2)不定式作宾语:Thecatsaid“Remembernottotakeitnexttime!”a)可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，如agree,afford,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish等。Idon’twant__likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.(05天津)A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded当不定式短语作宾语时,我们也可以用先行代词it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在宾补的后面.常用动词有believe,consider,declare,feel,find,guess,imagine,prove,realize,suppose,think等。Hefounditeasytosolvetheproblem.b)只有少数介词如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，但如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词含有do,does,did时，通常省略to。即有do无to，无do有to．Wehavenochoicebuttowait.//Wecandonothingbutwait.3)不定式作宾语补语:不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：allow,ask,advise,encourage,expect,force,wouldlike,love,hate,order,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,forbid,get,等。Heaskedyoutocallhimatteno'clock.不定式作以下动词的宾语补足语时常省略to一感:feel;二听:hear,listento;三让:let,make,have五看:see,,watch,notice,lookat和observe但当使役动词和感官动词变成被动语态时，被省略的to应补上。eg.Theworkersweremadetowork14hoursadaybytheboss.注意:感官动词后也可接ing作宾补，但意思有区别．Isawhertalktohernewfriends.(看到整个过程)Isawhertalkingtohernewfriends.(没看到整个过程)Whilewatchingtelevision,______.(2005全国卷I)A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellringsIfanyonehappenstodropinwhileI’mout,_____himorherleaveamessage.(2005福建卷)A.haveB.getC.askD.tell4)不定式作表语:Ourmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.2当句子的主语是aim,idea,wish,task,duty,dream,purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。MydreamistogotoPekingUniversity.Hiswishistobuyagoodbirthdaypresentforhismothereveryyear.注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。Nowtheonlythingwecandoiswait.5)不定式作定语Hehasnotkepthispromise________(write)tohisparentsregularly.Shemadeadecision______(go)abroadforayear.Hisplan_____(go)abroadisrejected.不定代词，序数词,形容词最高级或被only,last,next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。Wouldyoupleasegivemesomethingtodrink?Shewastheonlypersontosurviveaftertheearthquake.He’salwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.Tips:不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。Shehasnopersontotalkwith..//There’snothingtoworryabout.Ihavenochairtositin.//Hehasnofriendtomakewith.6)不定式作状语(1)表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____intimeforChristmas.(2005年辽宁卷)A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceivingHehurriedtothestationonly___thatthetrainhadgone.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefoundTheboyisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.=Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.I’mgladtomeetyou.Sometips:(1)连接代（副）词+不定式（包括whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,（不包括why/if），在句中起名词作用，通常跟在句中作主、宾或表语。NoonecantellmewheretofindJohn.//Whentohavetheexamisstillunknown.Theproblemishowtogetenoughmoney.(2)不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式SomestudentspretendedtobereadingEnglishwhentheteachercamein.---IsBobstillperforming?---I’mafraidnot.Heissaid___thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.(05年江苏卷)A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenD.tobeleftPeopleinEnglandareproudofthe30thOlympicGames_____inLondonin2012.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheldThebookissaidtohavebeentranslated_(translate)intomanylanguages.(3)不定式在下列词组后面常省略to：wouldrather...than(宁愿…也不),hadbetter...(最好)，can'thelpbut...(不得不)Iwouldrather____(go)swimming.//Youhadbetter______(tidy)yourbedroom.Whynot______(visit)yourcousininJapan?(4)当两个不定式and,or,expect,but,than或ratherthan连接起来时，第二个不定式符号省略。Shetoldme____(be)cheerfuland______(look)onthebrightside.Wehadnothing____(do)but____(watch)TV.Doyouwanttogoshoppingor______(watch)afilm?3Idecidedtowriteratherthan______(phone).Step2:Verb-ingformasanounCollectingstampsisagoodhobby.1.动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。①作主语，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。(单个动名词短语作主语时，动词用单数)Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实)动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法：Itisnouse(good)+动名词：做某事没用(不好)Thereisno+动名词(=Itisimpossibletodosth.)It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)//It’snogoodspittinginpublic.Thereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen.（未来的事无法知道）②作表语：通常是说明主语的内容，注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.(主语是什么，是表语)Heiscollectingstamps.（主语在干什么，是进行时态）③作宾语A.作及物动词的宾语(stand,admit,dislike,imagine,delay,consider,mind,understand,avoid,enjoy,practice,miss,finish,keep,suggest,advise,recommend,appreciate,escape…)Ican’tstand___withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses___talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.Towork;tostopHegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecoul