5000吨每天啤酒废水处理工艺设计

I目录前言·······························································································1第1章概述······················································································21.1啤酒废水的来源及分类·····························································21.2啤酒废水的成分及水质特点························································31.3啤酒废水的主要处理工艺···························································41.4设计资料与技术要求·······························································11第2章啤酒废水处理工艺的选择·························································122.1设计原则··············································································122.2设计工艺选择········································································122.3设计工艺简述·········································································13第3章主要构筑物的设计计算····························································153.1粗格栅的计算·········································································153.2细格栅的计算········································································183.3调节池计算············································································193.4沉淀池的计算·········································································213.5水解酸化池计算·····································································253.6生物接触氧化池计算································································313.7气浮池的设计计算···································································363.8污泥的处理············································································403.9污泥脱水系统·········································································43第4章废水站平面及高程布置····························································444.1平面布置原则·········································································444.2废水站平面布置······································································454.3高程布置原则·········································································454.4水力计算···············································································46第5章工程预算··············································································51II5.1投资估算··············································································515.2技术经济分析········································································53总结·····························································································54致谢·····························································································55参考文献·························································································561前言近年来，我国啤酒工业发展迅速，其产量逐年上升，啤酒生产厂目前已达到1000多家，年产啤酒1000多万吨，成为世界第二大啤酒生产国。但是在啤酒产量大幅度提高的同时，也向环境中排放了大量的有机废水。据统计，每生产1吨啤酒需要10～30吨新鲜水，相应地产生10～20吨废水。由于啤酒废水属于高浓度的有机废水，直接排放将给环境造成严重污染，因此啤酒废水对环境的污染已成为突出问题。啤酒废水含有大量有机污染物、悬浮物浓度高，若不经处理排入水体，会消耗水中大量的溶解氧，造成水体缺氧，产生富营养化。因此，啤酒废水必须进行处理后才能排放。本设计主要针对的是啤酒厂废水站的设计，通过分析比较了各种生化单元处理方法的优缺点，确定该废水站所采用的生化处理方法是生物接触氧化法，在此重点介绍了生物接触氧化法。啤酒废水主要来源来自于麦芽生产过程的洗麦水、浸麦水、发芽降温喷雾水、洗涤水；糖化过程的糖化、过滤洗涤水；发酵过程的发酵罐洗涤、过滤洗涤水；洗瓶、灭菌废水及瓶子破碎流出的啤酒；冷却水和成品车间洗涤水。该废水的特点是有机物浓度较高，可生化性能好。针对该废水特点，本设计采用水解酸化作为生物接触氧化的预处理，水解酸化不仅能去除部分有机物，而且提高了废水的可生化性，有益于后续处理。另外，物化部分的设计计算包括粗格栅、细格栅、调节池、初次沉淀池、气浮池、污泥浓缩池；以及各种设备的计算与选取和工程预算。本设计在环保的规划要求下，结合实际情况，发挥工艺优势，做到工艺合理技术先进的要求，尽量减少投资和占地面积，在污水处理站的设计中贯彻节能的原则，最大限度地降低污水和污泥的处理成本，以保证运行费用低，自动化程度高，便于维护管理和操作；最大限度地降低二次污染。由于本设计资料有限，设计计算中可能会出现一定的错误，望批评指正。2第1章概述在当今社会，啤酒是风靡世界的饮料之一，近年来，我国的啤酒工业同样也发展迅速，到目前为止我国啤酒生产厂已有上百家，但我国啤酒的吨酒耗水量大，废水排放量接近于耗水量的90%，已对环境造成了严重污染。因此，对啤酒废水处理达标后的排放标准以及治理已显得非常重要。啤酒废水的排放和对环境的污染也已引起了各有关部门的重视。1.1啤酒废水的来源及分类啤酒废水的来源与其生产工艺有关。啤酒生产工艺可分成制麦芽、糖化、发酵及后处理等四大工序，如图1-1所示。图1-1啤酒生产工艺流程图由图1-1可以看出，啤酒生产工艺中的每道工序都有固体废弃物（废弃麦根、冷凝凝固蛋白、酵母泥、废硅藻土、废麦糟等）、废水（洗灌水、洗槽水、浸麦水、酒桶与酒瓶洗涤水等）产生。啤酒厂废水主要来源有：1、麦芽生产过程的洗麦水、浸麦水、发芽降温喷雾水、麦槽水、洗涤水、凝固物洗涤水。2、糖化过程的糖化、过滤、洗涤水。发芽粉碎发酵过滤冷却过滤糖化罐装灭菌大米啤酒花大麦浸泡废水酵母菌成品33、发酵过程的发酵罐洗涤、过滤、洗涤水。4、罐装过程洗瓶、灭菌、破啤酒瓶及冷却水和成品车间洗涤水。5、生活污水主要来自办公楼、食堂、单身宿舍和浴室。按有机物污染程度，啤酒废水可以分为下面几类。（1）清洁废水来自冷冻机、麦汁和发酵冷却水等。这类废水基本上未受污染。（2）清洗废水来自大麦浸洗废水、大麦降温喷雾水、清洗生产装置废水、漂洗酵母水、洗瓶机初期洗涤水、酒罐消毒废液、巴斯德杀菌喷淋水和地面冲洗水等。这类废水受到不同程度的有机污染。（3）冲渣废水来自麦糟液、冷热凝固物、酒花糟、剩余酵母、酒泥、滤酒渣和残碱性洗涤液等。这类废水中含有大量的悬浮性固体有机物。（4）装酒废水在罐装酒时，机器的跑冒滴露时有发生，还经常出现冒酒，废水中参入大量残酒。另外，由于用热水喷淋，啤酒升温引起瓶内压力上升，“炸瓶”现象时有发生，因此大量啤酒洒散在喷淋水中。循环使用喷淋水为防止生物污染而加入防腐剂，因此被更换下来的废喷淋水含防腐剂成分。（5）洗瓶废水清洗瓶子时先用碱性洗涤剂浸泡，然后用压力水初洗和终洗。瓶子清洗水中含有残余碱性洗涤剂、纸浆、染料、浆糊、残酒和泥砂等。1.2啤酒废水的成分及水质特点啤酒工业废水主要含糖类，醇类等有机物，有机物浓度较高，虽然无毒，但易于腐败，排入水体要消耗大量的溶解氧，对水体环境造成严重危害。啤酒废水的水质和水量在不同季节有一定差别，处于高峰流量时的啤酒废水，有机物含量也处于高峰。国内啤酒厂废水中：CODcr含量为：1000～2500mg/L，BOD5含量为：600～1500mg/L。啤酒废水有如下特点：41、啤酒工业在生产啤酒过程中耗水量相当大，吨酒耗水量约为10～30吨，随着生产工艺、生产水平和管理方式而异。2、废水来源复杂、多样。其来源有冷却水、清洗废水、冲渣废水、灌装废水、洗瓶洗缸废水、清洁、生活废水。3、废水中主要污染物成分是：糖类、醇类、氨基酸、果胶、啤酒花、维生素、蛋白化合物及包装车间的有机物和少量无机盐类等。其BOD5／COD较高，为0.4～0.6，并有大量悬浮物，如麦渣等，也常有在消毒清洁过程中投入的碱性清洗剂、杀菌剂。4、废水水量水质常依赖生产周期，水量水质波动很大。生产期废水量巨大，COD较高，可达数千，pH值以微碱至中碱性为主；生产间歇期废水量少，以生活污水为主，COD仅几百，pH值为微酸性。现代啤酒厂常年生产不存在间歇期。由此可见，啤酒废水的主要污染物指标为COD，BOD，SS。1.3啤酒废水的主要处理工艺啤酒废水含大量有机污染物、悬浮物浓度高。据统计，啤酒厂工业废水如不经处理，每生产100吨啤酒所排放出的BOD值相当于14000人生活污水的BOD值，悬浮固体SS值相当于8000人生活污水的SS，其污染程度是相当严重的。如不经处理排入水体，会消耗水中大量的溶解氧，造成水体缺氧，产生富营养化。因此，要对啤酒废水进行有效处理。啤酒生产过程中，各工序通常间歇排水，且COD及p