护坡工程施工方案

目录1.慨况·········································································12.预制块护坡································································22.1.预制块制作·····························································22.2.预制块铺设·····························································23.抛石护岸···································································33.1.施工程序································································33.2.施工测量································································43.3.材料准备································································43.4.抛投试验································································43.5.水下护岸抛石··························································53.6.水上护岸抛石··························································64.砌石工程···································································74.1.浆砌石施工方法·······················································74.2.干砌石施工方法·······················································85.植草皮······································································85.1.草块移植铺张法施工·················································85.2.播种法施工···························································106.泥灰结石路面···························································107.沥青表面处治···························································138.质量保证措施···························································148.1.原材料质量保证措施···············································148.2.预制混凝土质量保证措施·········································158.3.砌石、抛石质量检保证措施······································158.4.泥结石路面质量保证措施·········································169.施工安全措施···························································169.1.施工现场安全措施··················································179.2.用电安全措施························································1810.单元工程划分···························································1911.计划投入的人员及设备···············································1911.1.施工人员投入计划················································1911.2.施工设备投入计划················································2012.施工进度计划···························································20-1-护坡工程施工方案1.慨况护坡工程包括砼预制块、抛石护岸、砌石、植草皮、泥灰结石、沥青表面处治。砼预制块包括预制块护坡、路肩石。砼预制块护坡为六角块护坡，施工桩号为36+800～41+500和43+512～44+750，六角块厚度120mm，单块混凝土量为0.0281m3，单块重约67kg，总预制量约62.73万块。混凝土预制路肩主要布置在堤顶公路、上堤路及跨堤公路。预制块为城门洞形，路肩每块长度50cm，单块混凝土量为0.328m3，单块重约79kg，总数量3万块。抛石护岸约10.05万m3，主要包括模袋混凝土以下抛石9.4万m3和挡墙基础(鱼塘)抛石0.64万m3。砌石工程项目包括排水渠道、道路、排水沟等建筑物的浆砌石挡墙及浆(干)砌石护坡等。砌体工程约6.56万m3，其中MU80M7.5浆砌石挡墙及排水沟3.16万m3；MU80M7.5浆砌石护坡、步级3.34万m3；干砌石100m3；截水沟浆砌石413m3。还包括碎、卵石反滤料1.97万m3；粗砂垫层1.97万m3。植草皮包括堤内坡脚30m内地面植草皮27.85万m2，以外地面播草籽30.21万m2。泥灰结石是指堤顶和防汛路泥灰结石，工程量为11996m3。沥青表面处治是指堤顶路和防汛路表面沥青处治，工程量为2999m3。-2-2.预制块护坡2.1.预制块制作预制混凝土在预制场进行预制，预制场配制4台成型多用机，在预制场内人工配合手推车运输，从预制场到铺砌堤面，采用人工配合自带吊车运运输，人工铺砌。由于预制工程量大，采用四套“JQ-2000混凝土路肩、护坡面砖液压成型多用机”制作，该机属于目前较先进的施工机械，作业速度快，作业效率高，可以完成大工程量的施工任务，而且能充分保证质量。生产能力可达到：预制混凝土路肩200块/台班，预制混凝土护坡预制块2000块/台班。该机系四柱式油压成型机，加压方式为上压制式。最大压力为200t，更换模具方便，可生产不同的各种产品。本机设置四个工作台面，可以同时操作，配有精确的计时器，使压力达到所需值，并自动保压和回升，提高工作效率。混凝土预制路肩主要布置在堤顶公路、上堤路及跨堤公路。预制块为城门洞形，路肩每块长度50cm，单块混凝土量为0.328m3，单块重约79kg，总数量3万块。混凝土浇筑完成后，即时对混凝土进行养护，保持混凝土表面湿润。经监理人检查合格的预制混凝土构件标有合格标志，并标有构件的编号、制作日期和安装标记。将预制块堆放在预制场或就近堆放在安装部位附近，堆放场地平整坚实。2.2.预制块铺设混凝土预制块铺砌范围为护岸平台以上堤身护坡，坡比为1:3。铺砌前先按设计要求测量放样，每隔10m用木桩在坡脚、坡顶位置定好坡脚与坡顶线，并画上垫层与预制块铺砌的高程线，两头拉-3-上灰线然后进行粗砂与碎石垫层及预制块铺砌施工。铺设砂石垫层采用坡顶卸料，人工刮板耙下，铁铲与三角扒整平，然后用平板振动器振捣密实。为保证混凝土预制块铺砌的平整度，在碎石表面加铺一层20～30mm厚石粉，铺至设计高程后进行混凝土预制块的铺砌。预制块的铺砌由大堤坡脚开始由下往上并分段进行施工，卸在坡脚的预制块直接人工抬运进行铺砌，卸至坡顶的预制块则由溜槽滑到工作面，再由人工抬运进行铺砌。护坡纵横向每10m设置一道伸缩缝，错开布置，缝宽10mm，用沥青砂浆灌注。铺砌时关键控制铺砌面的平整度与线条，底部要垫平、垫实，使之符合设计要求，然后灌注接缝砂浆，并进行缝面清理与洒水养护，灌缝方法同浆砌石一样。有排水孔的预制块在铺砌时将预制块铺砌在坡面有排水孔的位置，垂直水流向相隔3块，平行水流向相隔2块，排水孔下垫300×300mm机织土工布。3.抛石护岸3.1.施工程序抛石护岸施工过程的关键是测量控制，并贯穿整个抛投施工。抛投前，做好有效的测量控制网和测量措施。抛投施工的原则：先上游后下游，实行分段分层施工；先施工水下护岸抛石，后施工水上护岸抛石；护脚抛石待模袋混凝土护岸施工完成后进行；模袋混凝土锚固槽以上抛石待分段模袋混凝土施工完成后进行。抛石护岸施工程序如下：-4-图3-1抛石护岸施工程序图3.2.施工测量水下抛石施工前及完工后，委托有资质且专业的测量单位进行水下测量，测量单位由监理和业主共同商定。开工前，实测▽5.0m高程以下(含水下)1/500地形图和抛石放样剖面图(沿堤轴线方向每25m测一横断面)报送监理人复核，经监理人批准后，方可进行抛石。施工期间所有施工定线、进度、工程量、竣工等测量原始记录、计算成果和绘制的图幅等资料均及时整理、校核、分类、整编成册，妥为保存。3.3.材料准备抛石护脚材料采用块石，块石采用新鲜硬质岩石，不得使用片状、条状、带尖角的块石，石头强度等级≥MU80，软化系数Kd≥0.75。块石的规格和质量满足设计要求。本工程的石料运输主要靠水上运输，即块石从石场利用东风车或拖拉机运到码头装船，由运输船水运到施工现场。3.4.抛投试验抛石时分段、分层施工，每层厚度宜大致相等，且不宜大于2.0m。根据抛石时的水位、流速情况，通过计算和试抛确定抛石船的停泊地点。（1）抛投前，测量抛投区的水深、流速、河床剖面形状等基本情况，以确定该抛投区的抛石量、抛石冲距等。利用水文测量船测定该抛投段河流流速推算抛投船的抛石位置，以确保抛投的准确性。为施工测量抛投试验水下护岸抛石坡面整平护脚抛石水下护岸抛石土工布铺设水上护岸抛石-5-了保证抛投的施工质量，在正式施工前选定两个位置附近作为试抛段，以确定抛投点水深、流速与块体大小之的关系。并根据现场变化情况，决定抛投试验的位置及次数，保证块石的抛投位置符合设计要求。（2）抛石冲距的估算根据水力学经验公式6/192.0GHvL或6/174.00GHvLL——抛石冲距，m；H——水深，m；V——垂线平均流速，m/s；V0——水流表面流速，m/s；G——块石重量，㎏。（3）块石抛投试验首先做好抛投前的准备工作，包括河床断面测量、施工机械设备和施工人员的落实、指挥系统的完善等；再根据施工组织设计的抛投方案和估算的抛投位置组织抛投，测量人员记录好每条船的抛投位置和抛投量，其抛投总量控制在允许层高范围内，抛投完后用超声波测深仪测出抛石体的实际位置及分布情况，潜水员下水核实；将实际情况和估算情况进行对比，找出偏差的原因，对抛投参数进行修正后，即可进入工程抛投工作，同时在抛投过程中及时测量抛石的具体位置，以得到更准确的抛投参数。3.5.水下护岸抛石水下护岸抛石按设计要求从护脚到岸坡逐层抛填，层厚不大于2.0m。（1）块石抛投抛投前根据抛投区实测流速、水深推算出抛投船的抛石位置，抛投船到达现场后，在施工人员的指挥下，停泊在指定的位置，抛石船-6-通过自身的船锚及岸坡锚固进行定位。每条抛石船之间的间隔为3m～5m，沿垂直于岸坡排列(如下图