让步状语从句

让步状语从句定义：让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，其本身也是状语从句。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：though和although（虽然，纵然），while,as（虽然..但是..）;evenif和eventhough（即使…纵使…）;whether...or...(无论是否或不管是…还是…);nomatter+疑问词（不管…都…），疑问词-ever，regardlessof+名词/名词短语/名词从句，despite和inspiteof(尽管).普通句子easy文艺句子important超文艺句子Veryimportant①两个词同义，一般情况下可以互换使用，如：Hedidn’tlightthefirethough/althoughitwascold.②although比though较正式，语气较重，常用于强调让步概念，如：HeinsistedondoingitalthoughIwarnedhimnotto.③though可以和even连用，但although不可以，如：Although(Eventhough)thetrafficheldusup,wegottotheairportontime.④当让步状语从句是指一种假设的情况，不指事实时，通常用though，而不用although，如：Thoughalltheworldwereagainstme,Ishallstillholdtomyopinion.⑤though可以在非正式文体中用作连接性状语，而although则不行。（though可以放在句中或句末，通常用逗号隔开），如：Hesaidhewouldcome;hedidn’t,though.1．although和though引导的让步状语从句：⑥though引导的从句可用倒装语序（即把从句中的表语或状语等放在though之前），而although不能这样用，如：Youngthoughsheis,yetsheisfitforthejob.(=Youngassheis,…)⑦有时可用副词yet,still,nevertheless(但不能用连词but)来配合连接词though或although，以加强语气，如：Thoughheisoverseventy,yet/still/neverthelesshecanridethebike.⑧though和although后面的主语和谓语动词be可以省略，如果这个主语和主句中的主语指同一个人或物时，如：Though(itwas)cold,itwasafinewintermorning.Though(theywere)verytired,theycontinuedtomarchon.1．although和though引导的让步状语从句：①evenif与eventhough同义，常用于强调让步概念，如：I’lldoit,evenifittakesmealltheafternoon.Evenifyoufail,youcantryagain.注：if有时也可以用于让步含义，但要注意条件if与让步if的区别，试比较：Ifheispoor,howcanhebuythehouse?(条件)Ifheispoor,heisatleasthonest.(让步)(=evenif)IfJohnhadbeenthere,Iwouldhaveseenhim.(条件)IfJohnwasthere,Ididn’tseehim.(让步)(=evenif)2．evenif,eventhough和if引导的让步状语从句：3.由as,that,though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可用as引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（though,that与as一样，也可以用于这种结构），如下面几种情况：①表语的倒装：Tiredashewas,hestillwentonwithhiswork.Difficultthoughthetaskwas,theymanagedtoaccomplishitintime.②状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very,much等修饰语）Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn’twanttobuyit.HardasIstudied,Icouldnotcatchupwiththem.③谓语动词的倒装：Tryashewould,hecouldnotrememberawordofit.(=Nomatterhowhewouldtry…)Searchastheywould,theycouldfindnothingintheroom.3.由as,that,though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：注意事项：①如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如：Youngestasheisinourclass,hespeaksEnglishthebest.②as从句可以置于主句前、主句中或句后，当as从句置于句首时，主句前可加yet，如：Richasheis,(yet)Idon’tenvyhim.③当作表语的形容词提前时，如果从句的主语是人称代词，那么它只能放在动词之前(半倒装)；如果从句的主语是名词，则可用倒装语序(全部倒装)，也可用陈述语序，如：Cleverthough/asyoumaybe,youcan’tdothat.Tiredasweretheworkers,theydidnotstop.④as从句与主句在时态上可以不一致，如：Childasheis,hewasbrave.⑤注意区别as引导的原因从句与让步从句，试比较：Lawyerasheis,heexplainsthereasonclearly.(原因从句)Lawyerasheis,hecan’texplainthereasonveryclearly.(让步从句)4．eventhough和thougheventhough(=evenif)引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为“即使”、“纵然”；though引导的从句指事实，意为“尽管”、“虽然”，例如：Hewillnotrevealthesecret,eventhoughheknowsit.(可能知道，也可能不知道。)Hewillnotrevealthesecretthoughheknowsit.(虽然知道，却不说出来。)5．while引导的让步状语从句：while(=although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如：Whileyoumayberight,Ican’taltogetheragree.注意比较下列各句：WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou.(让步)WhileIwasreading,thelightwentout.(时间)Motionisabsolutewhilestagnationisrelative.(转折、对比)Heislazy,whilehisbrotherisdiligent.(转折、对比)6.whether…or…(是…还是…)引导的让步状语从句：△这种从句也称“选择条件-让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如：Whetheryoulikeitornot,you’llhavetodoit.Shehadtogo,whetherornotshewantedit.7．由连接代词whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever引导的让步状语从句：Whoever(=nomatterwho)isunwillingtogo,Iwillgo.(whoever既相当于连接词短语nomatter连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问代词who)Whatever(=nomatterwhat)happens,keepcalm.8.由连接形容词whatever或whichever引导的让步状语从句，如：Whatever(=nomatterwhat)difficultiesmayarise,wemustandcanovercomethemonebyone.(whatever既相当于nomatter连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词what修饰名词difficulties.)Whichever(=nomatterwhich)roomisassignedtohim,hewillhavenoobjection.9.由连接副词however,wherever或whenever引导的让步状语从句.However(=nomatterhow)difficultthetaskmaybe,wewillfulfilitontime.(however既相当于nomatter连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词how修饰difficult。)10．注意以上几种结构的省略形式：Howeverdifficultthetask(maybe),itwillbefulfilledontime.Howevergreatthedifficulties(maybe),wewillneverretreat.Whateverthedifficulties(maybe),theymustandcanbeovercome11．由whenever,wherever引导的从句，同时也分别是时间状语从句和地点状语从句，这里作为让步状语从句来看待，是强调它们带有nomatterwhen,nomatterwhere的含义。在口语中用nomatter+wh-结构比较常见。例如：Nomatterwhenandhowtheinvaderscome,theywillbewipedoutclean.Don’tbelievetherumour,nomatterwhorepeatsit.(可置于主句之后)Itdoesn’tmatter(=Nomatter)whathemaysay,Iamgoing.（口语中常用）涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装一、（表语）名词+as/though+主语+动词.Childasheis,heknowstohelpother.Teacherthoughheis,hecan’tknoweverything.【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。二、(表语)形容词+as/though+主语+动词Successfulasheis,heisnotproud.【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装三、（状语）副词+as/though+主语+动词MuchasIlikeParis,Icouldn’tlivethere.Hardthoughtheytried,theycouldn’tmakeherchangehermind.四、动词原形+as/though+主语+动词Tryashemight,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.Searchastheywould,theywouldfindnobodyinthehouse.【说明】主语后的动词通常为may,might,would,did等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用did,do等助动词)。涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装五、分词+as/though+主语+动词Raininghardasitis,I’mgoingoutforawalk.Surroundedaswewerebytheenemy,wemanagedtomarchforward.注意：1.although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，而though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。2.上面提到的倒装结构有时也可用来表示原因，