膜结构设计(1-9)

:膜结构因轻盈造型独特而极具吸引力,为人们提供了有别于传统建筑的全新视觉感受许多发展商和建筑师都愿意在自己的项目中采用膜结构,不少结构工程师也很想掌握膜结构设计的有关知识为此,我刊从本期开始推出膜结构设计专题讲座,特邀请新加坡RightTech(s)PteLtd的胥传喜先生哈尔滨工业大学武岳先生,撰写了关于膜结构设计的系列专题文章,介绍和讨论膜结构设计建造过程中各个阶段的工作内容,同时,配合讲座在本期推出建筑视窗膜结构专辑,以飨读者本讲座的内容包含膜结构的基本体系与方案选择膜结构的形状确定与建筑功能考量膜结构的内力分析与结构设计膜结构的节点和相关结构设计膜结构的裁剪设计与加工制作膜结构的施工安装与维护膜结构工程事故分析与质量控制膜结构设计实例,侧重点放在应用上希望通过本专题讲座的推出,能对建筑师和工程师系统了解掌握膜结构知识应用膜结构于工程实际方面有所帮助膜结构设计(1)*胥传喜(RightTech(s)PteLtd)武岳(150090)::STRUCTURALSYSTEMDETERMINATIONANDCOSTESTIMATINGFORMEMBRANECONSTRUCTIONXuChuanxi(RightTech(s)PteLtdSingapore)WuYue(HarbinInstituteofTechnologyHarbin150090)Abstract:Thematerialandthetechnologyusedformembranestructurearedifferentfromthetraditionalstructure.Usually,thespecializedmembranestructurecompanyinvolvestheconstructioninthedesignproposalstage.Thislecturefocusesontheknowledgeoftheconceptualproposal,includingstructuresystemdetermination,thefabricchoice,thecostestimatingandsoon.Keywords:membranestructurestructuralsystemfabricengineeringdesigncostestimating*,,,:19649:2004-02-2811mm,11充气膜结构的基本形式,B.C.PlaceStadium(Canada,232m190m,1983,)GALETEXPO2002(103m80m71m,)FujiGroupPavilion(Expo70,),1,79IndustrialConstructionVol34,No6,2004工业建筑2004年第34卷第6期300m150m[1],(2),EdenProjectETFE(3)12张拉膜结构的基本形式,,a-;b-;c-123ETFE(),4a-;b-();c-;d-4,,,,,13张拉膜结构的支承体系,(),5,,(MembranePlate)(Link)(6),PVC,,,,,2,,;,21膜材的种类及其性能(PVC)(PTFE);-(ETFE)1)(7),80工业建筑2004年第34卷第6期a-;b-;c-56(MembranePlate)(Link),;(PVC)(PTFE,Teflon)1-;2-;3-;4-;5-7(MEHLERHAKU)2)PVCPVC:a.:,8%~16%;b.:10~15,PVC;c.:;d:,PVC,,;e:,,PVC13)PTFEPTFE:a:PTFE,,3~610%~15%;1PVCVALMEXFR700VALMEXFR900FERRARI1002TFERRARI702PVCPVC(gm-2)8009001050750mm060080806(N5cm)30004200420028003000400040002800N300500550300300450500280(N5cm)100125120100%15131511b:25~80,,;c:;d:,;e:,PTFE22PTFECHEMFABSHEERFILLCHEMFABSHEERFILLSKYTOPFGT800VERSEIDAGB18089GFPTFEPTFEPTFEPTFE(gm-2)1650137513001150mm096080807(N5cm)70005500780070006100480065006000N520530350500700530400500(N5cm)1309080%12~1612~161212~144),,,,,,,5)ETFEETFEEthyleneTetraFluoroEthylene,-ETFE,,81膜结构的基本体系与方案选择胥传喜,等ETFE:a:005~025mm;b:175gcm3,020mmETFE,350gm2;c:,;c:95%,50%~55%;d:;e:25;f:40MPa;g:300%ETFE,,,ETFE(3)6)TENARATeflonPTFE,TENARA,PTFEPTFE,;TENARAPTFEPTFE,TENARA,,40%22膜材料的选用,,:a,,;b,;c,,;d,;ePVC,PTFE,8,ETFE,,TENARA,9TENARATENARA23钢索及其选用89TENARA,,10,a-;b-10,;,3,,31膜结构的造价构成,,32膜材料费用及工程造价估算,(),111580%~85%,111514(),11317,82工业建筑2004年第34卷第6期PVC80~140m2,50~70m2(),10~30kgm2()650~900m2PTFE400~700m2,,,1800~3000m2,ETFEETFEPTFE,,,2400~3000m2ETFE,,ETFE,40%~50%33价格构成实例,124m2,()142m2,,PVC,180m2,14kgm2760m2,41%;22%;8%;3%74%,562m2,,4,,:1):(),;2):,,;,3):,4):,,,5):;;;6):,,,,,,,,,5,1KazuoIshii.MembraneStructuresinJapan.Tokyo:SPSPublishingCompany,1995(70)1..:,1996.99~1302ChungKF,LawsonRM.SimplifiedDesignofCompositeBeamswithWebOpeningstoEurocode4.JournalofConstructionSteelResearch,2001(5):135~1633LawsonRM,ChungKF,PriceAM.TestonCompositeBeamswithLargeWebOpeningstoJustifyExistingDesignMethod.TheStructuralEngineer,1992,70(1):1~74DarwinDavid,WarrenKLucas.LRFDforSteelandCompositeBeamswithWebOpenings.JournalofStructuralEngineering,1990,116(6):1579~15935SoonHoCho,RichardGRedwood.SlabBehaviorinCompositeBeamsatOpening.:Analysis.JournalofStructuralEngineering,1992,118(9):2287~2303中国台北101大楼有望成为世界第一高楼101,508m101,,,,101,,,101101,(SearsTower),5273m,10183膜结构的基本体系与方案选择胥传喜,等膜结构设计(2)武岳(150090)胥传喜(RightTech(s)PteLtd):,,4;,:FORMFINDINGANDARCHITECTURALREQUIREMENTSOFMEMBRANESTRUCTUREWuYue(HarbinInstituteofTechnologyHarbin150090)XuChuanxi(RightTech(s)PteLtdSingapore)Abstract:Formfindingisthefirststepinamembranestructuredesign,whichisparamountforthestructuralperformanceofamembranestructure.Tounderstanttheprincipleofformfinding,therearefourquestionsbeingdiscussed,thataretherelationshipofformandpretension,fourbasictypesofmembranestructures,somerulesforformfindingandnumericalmethods.Moreover,thispaperalsointroducessomearchitecturalrequirementswhichshouldbeconsideredduringformfindingstage,suchasdrainage,fire,lighting,acoustic,thermalinsulation,andsoon.Keywords:membranestructuresformfindinginitialpretensionarchitecturalfunction:197212:2004-03-281,,,,,(formfinding)11互反曲面的必要性,,(1),,(synclasticsurface),,,(anticlasticsurface),A,,,2a,,4,,;a-;b-;c-1,,2b,,,2c,12预张力的作用,,,(,):73IndustrialConstructionVol34,No7,2004工业建筑2004年第34卷第7期a-;b-;c-21),,P,,P,P,(3a)PS,,PS+P2,PS-P2,2(3b)3c(A)(BCD)-,Ca-;b-;c--32)2b,A,,;,,,A;,,,,2,,21鞍形(saddleshape),4(4a)4,(HP),(LP),;,,,,L,()f,4b(fL),,;18~112,a-;b-422伞形(conicalshape),,;(),;(5),,,,,a-;b-523拱支式(archsupportedshape),,,6(LindsayParkSportsCenter)a-;b-624脊谷式(waveshape),,,,,774工业建筑2004年第34卷第7期CanadaPlace,a-;b-74,,,,,()(),4,,,4,,,331形状确定的概念,,,,,,,,,:1);2);3);4);5),,,,,,,32形状确定的一般原则,:1),,,,2),,,,,,3),,:1),fcfc120,882),()(),,,3),,4)5)15m,400m2;,6),,()PVC,1~3kNm;PTFE,3~6kNm4FreiOtto,,;,2060,1967(GermanPavilion)1972(TheMunichOlympicStadium),,,,:,41力密度法(ForceDensityMethod)LinkwitzSchek[1]75膜结构的形状确定与建筑功能要求武岳,等,,,,,,,EASY42动力松弛法(DynamicRelaxationMethod),Day,Barnes[2],,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,;,,43非线性有限元法(NonlinearDisplacementAnalysisMethod)HaugPowell1971,NewtonRaphson,ArgyrisHaber[3