史上最完整-动词不定式的用法

1.动词不定式的用法1.作主语2.作宾语3.作定语4.作表语5.作宾补6.作状语动词不定式2.动词不定式的时态和语态3.巩固练习1.动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。Togettherebycarwilltakeawholeday.Howtogetenoughmoneyisstillaquestion.1.动词不定式作主语有时候为了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，放到句首，而将作真实主语的动词不定式放到句末。Itwilltakeawholedaytogettherebycar.Itisimpossibleformetofinishtheworkinaweek.2.动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语常用于下列动词后：want,agree,decide,manage,wish,hope,ask,like,love,choose,promise,continue,plan,learn,expect,offer,prepare,refuse,pretend,attempt,intend,threaten,seek,hesitate,long,desire,fail等等。动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题1.有些动词后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语意义截然不同try,goon,stop,mean,regret,remember,forget等trytodosth.尽力去做某事trydoingsth.试一试，试试看Tryknockingatthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.Trytogetthereontime.forgettodosth.忘了去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘了做过某事IforgettellingheraboutitIforgettobringthepursewithmewhenIlefthomethismorning.remembertodosth.记住去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事Irememberreadingthestoryinsomebook.Remembertoposttheletterformewhenyougotothepostoffice.动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题2.如果不定式作宾语而后面又有一个宾语补足语，这时要用it作形式宾语而把这个动词不定式放到补语后。Ifeelitmydutytohelpyou.Ioncethoughtitimpossibleforustofinishthejobinsuchalimitedtime.3.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，它与所修饰的名词或代词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。如果是动宾关系，不定式主动表示被动。Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.Wehavemuchhomeworktodoeveryday.4.动词不定式作表语1．主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.2．主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组，或以what引导的名词性从句表示，表语用不定式说明其内容，如：Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.Mysuggestionistostartworkatonce.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号“to”，如：Allwehavetodoispushthebutton.TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.5.动词不定式作宾补常跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有：（1）可接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask,get,allow,forbid,prefer,force,inspire,advise,cause,tell,order,warn,teach,permit,wish,invite,encourage等（2）可跟省to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有：在部分感官动词和使役动词后，如：see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,listento,feel,make,let,have注：help后可跟省to或带to的不定式作宾补。Theteacherhadusrecitethetexteveryday.Iwaslettodotheexperimentalone.Washenoticedtoleavethehouse?动词不定式在主动语态中用省to的形式作宾补，但在被动语态的句子中，要用带to的形式作主语补语。6.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示目的、原因、结果、程度等。1．表示目的：Theyranovertowelcomethedelegates.Hestooduptobeseenbetter.2.表示结果：WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoangry?Hecameroundtofindhimselfinhospital.不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型：①so…asto…Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?②such(…)asto…I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.③enoughto…Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.④too…to…5.onlytodo表示一种意想不到的结果Eg:Wewenttothetrainstationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.当too前有only时，onlytoo…to…译作肯定。Iamonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.当不定式前有表否定意义的词时，译作肯定。Wearenevertoooldtolearn.动词不定式的时态1.Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.3.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.㈠.一般式(todo).不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。2.Ｉsawherentertheroom.㈡.进行式(tobedoing)1.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.2.Hepretendedtobereadingwhenhismothercameintohisroom.不定式的进行式表示正在进行的动作,和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。。动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态㈢.完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。巩固练习1.Severalofthesewashesanddryersareoutoforderand______.A.needtoberepairingB.repairingisrequiredofthemC.requirethattheyberepaired.D.needtoberepaired.解析：and并列谓语动词，needtoberepaired相当于needrepairing.D2.—Iwishyouhadbroughtyourfamilywithyou.—I’llgetthem_______nexttime.A.comingB.tocomeC.comeD.havecomeB解析：使役动词get后跟带to的动词不定式作宾补，let，make,have后跟省to的动词不定式作宾补。3.Weclimbedtothetopofthetower________abetterviewofthearea.A.gettingB.gotC.havinggotD.togetD解析：动词不定式作目的状语，其余几个没这功能。4.WhatisthewaySmiththoughtof_________enoughmoneytobuythenewhouse.A.gettingB.havinggotC.beinggotD.togetD解析：名词theway后跟有两个定语，一个是定语从句Smiththoughtof，一个是动词不定式togetenoughmoneytobuythenewhouse.5.Theyoungassistantwasnoticed______thebankalonelastnight.A.enteringB.enterC.toenterD.enteredC解析：感官动词后可跟现在分词和省to的动词不定式作宾补。不定式表示全过程，现在分词表示正在进行。在被动语态中用带to的动词不定式作主语补语。6.WangDongwantedtosurftheInternet,buthisfathertoldhim__________.A.nottodoB.notdoitC.donottoD.nottoD解析：tellsb.(not)todosth.为了避免重复，后面省略了surftheInternet.7.Thepartywassuccessful,butwethoughtitapitynot_________you.A.inviteB.toinviteC.invitingD.tohaveinvitedD解析：it为形式宾语，动词不定式作真实宾语，没有邀请这动作发生在晚会前，故用动词不定式的完成式。小结要掌握动词不定式的用法，重点要识记和区分一些特殊动词。如哪些动词后跟动词不定式作宾语，哪些动词后跟动名词作宾语；哪些动词后根省to的或带to的不定式作宾补，哪些动词后跟现在分词作宾补等。动词不定式的时态和语态关键要弄清不定式所表示的动作和句子谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后顺序以及动词不定式和句子主语、宾语或所修饰词的关系。Seeyounexttime!