人教版英语必修三Unit3Grammar

AliciaWang在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{{{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.{主语从句就是从句在主句中作主语的名词性从句。主语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.Tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses.that,whether,if(that常可省略)who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow当whether后紧跟or/ornot时,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.1.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略。Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That’swhyIwaslate.表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在系动词之后。作用:对主语进行解释说明。when/where/why/how/becausethat/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)who/whom/whose/which/what分析下列宾语从句中的连词1.Idon’tdoubt(that)youwillsucceed.2.Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.3.Idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.3个句子中的连词that,whether,if(是否)在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词。注意:A.that本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。B.whether和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether可以用于所有的四种名词性从句,而if仅可以用于宾语从句。一、名词性从句的语序(1)名词性从句构成有两种a.That+陈述句Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.b.疑问词+句子的剩余成分Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?()(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？FTTF他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。二、名词性从句连接词的选用(1)that和what的选用that和what都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。that/what1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.5.Is_____hetoldustrue?6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.8.Ihavenoidea____hedidthatafternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhata.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句d.介词后的宾语从句e.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.f.与ornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.不能使用if的情况:1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.6.Thequestionis________heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Ihaven’tdecided_______togothere.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether其它连接代词和副词的使用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择who,which,when,where,why,how等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。______weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。Idon’tknow________broketheglassyesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.Whenwhowhatwherethat可省略的情况：that不可省略的情况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略单个宾语从句中的that可省略1.Idon’tthink_______sheiscoming.2.Itisapity_______hehasmadesuchamistake.3.Thereasonis_______heiscareless.4.Thenews_______ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.5.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_____youshouldreadEnglishaloud.6.Hetoldme______hisfatherhaddiedand_____hehadtomakealivingalone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)thata.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。Hebelieves_______________________________.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。Pleasetellme_______________________________.hisdreamwillcometruesomedayatthistimeyesterday1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。whatyouweredoing他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。Hetoldme_________________________________.他说他已离开家乡十年了。Hetoldme_________________________________.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。Theteachertoldus_________________________.hewaspreparingfortheexaminationhehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyearslighttravelsinastraightline2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。1.Thereason_____wedidn’ttrusthimwas_____heoftenlied．2.Thereason____hegaveforhisabsencewas______hewasill.reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。在名词性从句中，我们还需特别注意以下问题：whythatthatthat1.Theyexpressedthehope___theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact___hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea____hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.if4.Oneofthemenheldtheview___thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat5.Wordhascome_____someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.which6.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how7.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that8.Thereason____Ihavetogois____mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because9.___Ican’tunderstandis___s