初中英语句子成分讲解及练习

初中英语语法句子成分在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。ThestudentsofClassTwoareseriouslyreadingthebookwrittenbyLuXun.按句子成分划分，此句为：ThestudentsofClassTwoareseriouslyreadingthebookwrittenbyLuXun.(主语)(定语)(谓语)(状语)(谓语)(宾语)(定语)按意群划分，此句为：ThestudentsofClassTwoareseriouslyreadingthebookwrittenbyLuXun概述主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如：1.Lucyisabeautifulnurse.（名词作主语）2.Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.（代词作主语）3.Smokingisharmfultothehealth.（动名词作主语）4.ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.（不定式作主语）5.Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided.（主语从句作主语）主语另外，英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”，例如：It....that...句式等。6.Ittookustwohourstotravelaroundthecitybysubway.(It是形式主语,totravel...部分是真正的主语)主语请指出下列句中主语的中心词。1.Theteacherwithtwoofherstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.2.Thereisabirdflyinginthesky.3.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.4.Itisverydifficulttodotoday'shomeworkwithoutyourhelp.小练习谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。1.Hisparentsareteachers.（系动词和表语一起作谓语）2.Westudyhard.（行为动词作谓语）3.Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）4.HecanspeakEnglish.（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）谓语请选出下列句中谓语的中心词。1.Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.2.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.3.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?4.Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?5.WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.小练习从语法角度说，及物动词后面要接宾语(介词后也有宾语)。从意义上来说，宾语是动作的对象、目标。宾语是对谓语动词的进一步说明和解释。1.Weoftenhelphim.（代词作宾语）2.Helikestoplaybasketball.（不定式作宾语）3.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.（动名词短语作宾语）4.Shesaidthatshefeltsick.（从句做宾语）Thesungivesuslightandwarmth.（us为间接宾语，lightandwarmth为直接宾语）宾语宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。可以带两个宾语的动词有：bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。1.直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物；2.间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。3.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。1）Ourteachertellsusastory.2）Thesungivesuslight.如果强调直接宾语，可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面，但间接宾语前须加介词“to”或“for”。宾语分类接to的动词有：give,bring,pass,lend,sell,send,show,tell,write等。Giveyourmothertheletter.＝Givethelettertoyourmother.直接宾语间接宾语接for的动词有：buy,find,cook,draw,get,sing等。Canyoufindmemybag?＝Canyoufindmybagforme?直接宾语间接宾语这正是：人前物后看清楚，换位要加for或to。宾语分类请挑出下列句中的宾语。1.Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.2.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.3.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?4.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.5.Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.小练习请划出下列句中的直接宾语和间接宾语。1.Pleasetellusastory.2.Myfatherboughtanewcomputerformelastweek.3.Mr.Brownisgoingtoteachuschemistrynextterm.4.CouldyoupleasepassthepentoTom?5.Didheleaveanymessageforme?小练习在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。1.Iwillmakeyouking.(名词)2.Theymakeherhappy.（形容词）3.Iseeherdance.（省to的不定式）4.Themanageraskedhimtowait.(不定式)5.Pleaselethimin.（副词）6.Weheardhersingingasong.（分词短语)宾语补足语请找出下列句中的宾语补足语。1.Heaskedhertotaketheboytothedoctor’s.2.Shefounditdifficulttofinishtheworktoday.3.WecallherLilysometimes.4.IsawJerrygetonthebus.5.Didyouhearanyonecryingoutsidethedoorjustnow?小练习表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及名词或形容词短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。1.Iamateacher.（名词）2.Heisalwayshappy.（形容词）3.Theyareontheplaygroundnow.（介词短语）4.Itgetscold.（形容词）表语Be动词（am，is，are,was,were）表保持（keep,stay,remain）表改变（get，become，turn）感官动词（feel，sound（听起来），seem/look（看起来），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来））1.Itsoundsinteresting.（sound为系动词，interesting为表语）2.Weshouldallremaincareful.（Remain为系动词，careful为表语）系动词请划出下列句中的表语。1.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.2.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.3.Theoldmanisfeelingbetternow.4.WhyisMrs.Smithworriedaboutherson?5.Thekidsarereallyinterestedinjoiningthechessclub小练习定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。1.Theblackbikeismine.（形容词）2.What’syourname?（代词）3.Theymakepaperflowers.（名词）定语说明1：当定语修饰不定代词：nothing,anything,everything,something等时，定语在不定代词后面。1.Itellhimsomethinginteresting.(形容interesting作不定代词something的后置定语）2.Hehassomethingtodo.（todo为不定式作后置定语）说明2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。TheboysintheroomareinClassFour.（intheroom是介词短语作theboys的后置定语。）表语请划出下列句中的定语。1.Whatisyourfamilyname?2.TheboyinblueisTom.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.5.Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.小练习修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。1.Hediditcarefully.（副词）2.Weoftenhelphim.（副词）3.HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.（介词短语）4.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（从句作时间状语）5.Hesitsthere.（副词地点状语）状语请划出下列句中的状语。1.Therewasabigsmileonherface.2.Everynighthepracticesplayingthepiano.3.Wemustworkhardtopasstheexam.4.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.5.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.小练习利用口诀综述以上内容：主在前、谓在中，宾语、状语后面冲。短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for连。宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。Tips