EffectsofAcidulatedFatsonNutrientDigestibilityandP

ABSTRACTMENDOZABENAVIDES,SANTAMARIA.EffectsofAcidulatedFatsonNutrientDigestibilityandPerformanceinNurseryPigs.(UnderthedirectionofDr.EricvanHeugten).Acidulatedfatsarebyproductsofthefatrefiningindustry.Theycontainhighlevelsoffreefattyacids(FFA);whichindicatelowerdigestibleenergyvalue.Acidulatedfatsare10to20%cheaperthantriglyceridefats.TwostudiesweredesignedtomeasuretheeffectsoffatsourcesloworhighinFFAongrowthperformanceandapparenttotaltrackdigestibility(ATTD)ofnutrientsinnurserypigs.InExp.1,189pigsat14dpostweaning(BW9.32±0.11kg)wereusedina21dgrowthperformancestudy.Dietsconsistedofacontroldietwithoutaddedfatand6dietswith6%fatinclusion.Fourfatsourceswerecombinedtocreatethedietarytreatmentswith2levelsofFFA(0.4or54.0%)and3degreesoffatsaturation(Iodinevalue[IV]=77,100,or123)ina2x3factorialarrangement.Fatsourceswere:soybean-cottonseedoilblend(SO,0.3%FFA,IV=129.4),soybeanacidoil(SAO,70.5%FFA,IV=112.9),choicewhitegrease(CWG,0.6%FFA,IV=74.8),andchoicewhiteacidgrease(CWAG,56.0%FFA,IV=79.0).FatadditiondecreasedADFI(810vs.872g;P=0.018)andimprovedG:F(716vs.646g/kg;P0.001).DietswithhighFFAtended(P=0.08)toimproveBW(21.35vs.21.01kg)andADG(576vs.560g/d).ATTDoffatwashigherinfataddeddietsthancontrol(67.4vs.29.7%,P0.001).ATTDoffatwashigherindietswithlowFFA(69.9%vs.64.9%,P0.001)anddecreasedlinearlywithincreasingIV(73.2,69.1,and67.2%).ATTDofGEwashigherindietswithlowFFA(83.1%vs.80.9%;P=0.001).InExp.2,252pigsat7dpostweaning(BW7.0±0.2kg)wereusedina28dgrowthperformancestudy.Dietsincludedacontroldietwithoutaddedfatandbasaldietswitheither2.5,5.0,or7.5%addedfatfromoneoftwofatsources,poultryfat(PF;1.9%FFA)andacidulatedpoultryfat(APF;37.8%FFA).Additionoffatincreased(P0.001)finalBW(19.9vs.18.4kg)andADG(460vs.405g/d)regardlessofsource.Fatincreased(P0.001)ADFIwhenaddedat2.5%andthendecreasedADFIwitheachfurtherincrement(663,740,681,and653gfor0,2.5,5.0,and7.5%fat,respectively).G:Fwasimprovedquadratically(P=0.016)withfatsupplementationshowingthegreatestG:F(P0.001)at5.0and7.5%(615,615,688,and692g/kgfor0,2.5,5.0,and7.5%fat,respectively).ATTDoffat(17.8,50.2,71.0,and77.3%for0,2.5,5.0,and7.5%fat,respectively)increasedlinearly(P0.001).ATTDofGE(76.1,76.4,83.3,and84.4%for0,2.5,5.0,and7.5%fat,respectively)increasedquadratically(P0.001).Inconclusion,nurserypigperformance,ATTDoffatandGEwereimprovedwhenfatwasaddedtothediets.Acidulatedfatseithertendedtoimprovenurserypigperformanceorresultedinsimilarperformancecomparedwithtriglyceridefats.Thus,acidulatedfatscouldbeeconomicalalternativestomoreexpensivefatsources.©Copyright2012bySantaMariaMendozaBenavidesAllRightsReservedEffectsofAcidulatedFatsonNutrientDigestibilityandPerformanceinNurseryPigsbySantaMariaMendozaBenavidesAthesissubmittedtotheGraduateFacultyofNorthCarolinaStateUniversityinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsforthedegreeofMasterofScienceAnimalScience/NutritionRaleigh,NorthCarolina2012APPROVEDBY:_____________________________________________________________Dr.EricvanHeugtenDr.JackOdleCo-ChairofAdvisoryCommitteeCo-chairofAdvisoryCommittee_______________________________Dr.R.DeanBoydCommitteeMemberiiBIOGRAPHYSantaMariaMendozaBenavideswasbornonFebruary14,1985inPortoviejo,EcuadortoLuisMendozaandMarciaBenavides.Sinceveryyoungshedevelopedthepassionforagriculture.Herfamilyownedafarmwhereshecooperatedwithbasictasks.InJan2003shewasadmittedinZamoranoUniversityinHonduras,CentralAmerica.ShespentfouryearstogetherdiplomainAgricultureandAnimalScience.Duringthistime,shewasinvolvedindifferentsystemsofproductionbythephilosophyoflearningbydoing.ShealsohadtheopportunitytocompleteaninternshipatVicosaStateUniversityandLagoaDaSerraLtda.inBrazil,whereshegainedexperienceinbeefcattlenutritionandreproduction.Aftergraduation,Murphy-BrownLLC(Laurinburg,NC)offeredherajobopportunitytoworkasamanagertraineeinasowfarm.Inspring2011,shewasadmittedtopursueherMSintheDepartmentofAnimalScienceatNCSU.iiiACKNOWLEDGMENTSIwouldliketothankmyadvisor,Dr.EricvanHeugtenwhogavemetheopportunitytobepartofhisresearchgroupandprovidedmeallthesupport,guidance,wisdom,andfriendshipduringthesetwoyears.IwouldalsoliketothankDr.JackOdleandDr.R.DeanBoydforbeingpartofmygraduatecommitteeandforlettingmelearnfromtheirexperienceintheclassroomandinthefield.IamthankfultothestaffattheFeedMillEducationalUnitandtheNCStateUniversitySwineEducationalUnitforalltheirhelpwithfeedmanufacturingandmyresearchanimals.Iwouldliketoappreciatemyfellowgraduatestudentsfortheirhelp,speciallyDavidRosero,MichaelShields,andPetraChang.Iamenormouslythankfulformywonderfulfamily;tomydadandmymomwhogavemeallthatIneededtoaccomplishmydreams;tomysistersMelanieandScarletwhogavememorablemoments;tomyuncleMarcosBenavideswhoguidedmeintheexperienceoflivinginaforeigncountry;andmyboyfriendandbestfriendBehzadNabaviwhomotivatedmetodomybestandhadanendlesssupplyofpatience.ivTABLEOFCONTENTSLISTOFTABLES...................................................................................................................viLISTOFFIGURES...............................................................................