初中英语句子成分ppt

一、句子成分概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。主语（subject）:句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首•Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）•Helikesdancing.（代词）•Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)•Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）•Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）•Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）•Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.形式主语真正主语It=thattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree在个别句型中，为了避免头重脚轻，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegame.Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.•1.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.•2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语！•找出下面句子的主语•1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.•2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.•3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。•Iloveyou!•Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.•Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.•Howoftendoyougoshopping?•Whydidn’tyoucomebacklastnight?注意：一个简单句中只有一个谓语,可以有各种时态和语态。（p13）•Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.•Hehascaughtabadcough.情态动词\助动词+v•Openthedoor,please!•Goandgetsomewaterforme.•Don’tlaughatothers!•Don’tcomebacklatetonight.祈使句：1.省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形•谓语动词有两种：实义动词：meet\move\see\finish\pick.....系动词：be(am\is\are.....)其它系动词感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look变化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow持续：remain,stay,keep谓语总结：说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。由动词充当(实义动词和系动词）表语（predicative）：说明主语是什么或怎么样，位于系动词后面。•MyfavoritesubjectisEnglish.•Thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.•TheForbiddenCityisatthecentreofBeijing.•Myhappinessistoservepeopleheartandsoul.•Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.•Mybeliefisthatourcountrywillbecomestrongerandstronger.宾语（object）：动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。•IlikeChina.•Hehatesyou.•Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.•Ienjoyworkingwithyou•Ihopetoseeyouagain.•Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?•介词后面的宾语：介宾•注意：人称代词要用宾格•Idecidedtogowith_______.•A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.she•Hegavemeabookyesterday.•Givethepoormansomemoney.•间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)：双宾双宾语可以进行下面的改写:(p10)MrWangteachesusEnglish.----MrWangteachesEnglishtous.Mumboughtmeagift.----Mumboughtagiftforme.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?•IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式宾语真正宾语宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。（补充说明宾语的状态、身份、特征）Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome.Isawagirlgointothebuilding.Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.•Shecame．•ShelikesEnglish.•Sheishappy．•ShegaveJohnabook．•Sheboughtabookforme.•Shemakeshermotherangry．•Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.定语:用来修饰名词或代词。Theblackbikeismine.What’syourname?TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.Ihavelotstoeatanddrink.ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.状语：状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。表示动作的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度、条件Hediditcarefully.Theymissedmeverymuch.Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.WhenIwasyoung,Icouldswimwell.Hetoldmethenews.thatthematchhadbeencancelled.宾语whenhewasleavingforParis.宾语从句thepeoplesurprisedThatWhathesaidwhathedid主语intheroom.定语whoweresittingintheroom.whosesonswereatwar.主语从句定语从句Thatisthefact.表语whatheneeds.whyhewaslate.becausehewasill.表语从句Heworkedinthatfactorythreeyearsago.地点状语时间状语wherehisfatherworkedinthatfactorywhenhelivedthere地点状语从句时间状语从句指出下列各从句的类型Ibelievethateverythingisgoingonwell.ShewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.宾语从句状语从句定语从句二、句子类型1主语＋谓语Shecame.2主语＋谓语＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.3主语＋系动词＋表语Sheishappy.4主语＋谓语+间宾+直宾Shegavemeabook．5主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.简单句的五种基本句型并列句常用并列连词平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,but,however,for,soor,either..or,neither..nor用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句Hewastired,sohewenttobed.1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.MrWangisaboss.Hehirestwosecretaries.3.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.Hemadeapromise,butHedidn’tkeepit.MrWangisaboss,andhehirestwosecretaries.动词的时态和语态谓语I.时态现在1)Hedoesn’tworkinthisfactory.2)IsTomwatchingTVinthesitting-roomnow?3)TheyhavelearnedthreeEnglishsongsalready.4)WehavebeenlearningEnglishforalmosttwoyearssinceMr.Browntaughtus.过去•1)Ididn’tgothereforsomefoodyesterday.•2)TheyweredoingtheirhomeworkwhenIenteredtheirclassroom.•3)Beforehearrivedatthecinema,thefilmhadbeenonforfourminutes.•4)Hesaidhewouldcomeheretohelpus.将来•1)WilltheyvisitthemuseumnextSunday?•2)Iwillbewaitingforyouattheschoolgateat5o’clocktomorrowevening.•3)Shewillhavefinishedthereportbytheendofnextmonth.II.语态•基本结构be+动词的过去分词•现在1)Ourbedroomisoftenkeptcleaneveryday.2)Isourcarbeingrepairedinthegaragenow?3)Thebuildingovertherehasbeenbuilt.•过去1)WasthisdictionaryboughtlastTuesday?2)TheperformancewasbeinggiveninthestreetwhenIwaspassingby.3)TheoperationhadbeencarriedoutonTombeforehisparentsgottothehospital.4)Themanagersaidthatthegoodswouldbesenttothechain-shopsassoonaspossible.•将来1)Anewchemicalfactorywillbebuiltamongthehillsfarawayfromourtown.被动语态高考题点击：1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.(94N)A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_____bythehour.(98N)A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay说明：集邮册只能被完成，且在before从