Lecture-3-The-Neoclassical-Period

Lecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodLecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodHistoricalBackgroundChiefIntroductionJohnDrydenJohnBunyanJonathanSwiftAlexanderPopeDanielDefoeThomasGrayRobertBurnsWilliamBlakeLecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriod1660---17981.TheRestorationofKingCharlesII1660Themonarchywasrestored.HewasanadvocateofCatholicisminprivate,thoughopenlyhemanifestedhimselfasamanoftheChurchofEngland.2.TheGloriousRevolution1688KingJamesIIwasreplacedbyhisProtestantdaughterMaryandherhusbandWilliam.Lecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodThepoliticalpowerofthemiddleclasswasfirmlyestablished.Athome:ActsofEnclosureTheIndustrialRevolutionAbroad:VastexpansionofBritishcoloniesSo,towardsthemiddleoftheeighteenthcentury,Englandhadbecomethefirstpowerfulcapitalistcountryintheworld.Lecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodTheAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason:“ItwasaEuropeanintellectualandphilosophicalmovementofthe18thcenturythatemphasizedtheuseofreasonandscientificmethod.”“Theenlightenersheldthatthrough….betterlife”.“Theenlightenersadvocateduniversaleducation”.Lecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodNeoclassicism“Inthefieldofliterature,theEnlightenmentMovementbroughtarevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks.Thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.”“Accordingtotheneoclassicists,allformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreekandRomanwriters.”“Theybelievedthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder…itsservicetohumanity.”Lecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriod1.PoetryPoetryshouldbelyrical,epical,didactic,satiricordramatic.JohnDryden,AlexanderPope2.NovelthemodernEnglishnovelDanielDefoe3.Shiftclassicliterarytradition---originality,imaginationGraveyardschoolpreromanticpoemsLecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodJohnDryden约翰·德莱顿oneoftheleadingwritersintheRestorationperiodAgeofDrydenprolificpoetplaywrightliterarycriticLecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodPoetrypoliticalpoetbigpoliticalandsocialeventsheroiccoupletaverseformwidelyadoptedbythepoetsofthe18thcenturyPoetLaureateofEnglandLecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodAllforLovecateringtotheinterestsoftheaudienceduringtheRestorationDramaLecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodLiterarycriticismHewascalledthefatherofEnglishcriticism.AnEssayofDramaticPoesyForm:indialogueContent:comparativemeritsofEnglishandFrenchdramaLecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodJohnBunyan班扬PuritanwriterLecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodItiswrittenintheoldfashionedmedievalformofallegory.Thebookopenswiththeauthor’sdreaminwhichheseesaman“withabookinhishand,andagreatburdenuponhisback”.ThemanisChristianthePilgrim,thebookistheBibleandtheburdenonhisbackistheweightofworldlycaresandconcerns.IttellshowChristianstartshispilgrimagefromhishometotheKingdomofHeaven,andofhisexperiencesandadventuresonhisjourney.Lecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodOneday,thewriterfallsasleepintheopenandhehadadream.InthedreamheseesamannamedChristianstandinginthefield.Thereisaheavybagonhisbackandheisreadingabook,inwhichhelearnsthatsoongreatdisasterswillbefallthecityheislivingin.ThecityiscalledtheCityofDestruction(theearth).HeappealstoHeavenastowhatheshoulddo.AtthistimeanevangelistcomesandtellshimtoleavehishomeandembarkonajourneytotheCelestialCity(Heaven).Lecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodChristiangoeshomeandtriestopersuadehisfamilymembersandneighborstoleavewithhim,butfails.Hegoesonthisjourneyalone.OnthewaytotheCelestialCity,Christianmeetswithlotsofdifficultiesanddangers.Forinstance,hefallsintotheSloughofDespond,comesacrossMr.WorldlyWisemanwhotriestopersuadeChristiantogiveupthejourneyandoffershisalifeofcomfortandpleasures.HeisalsoledtoaplacetowitnesstheDayofLastJudgment.HehastofightbigmonstersandgoespastthegateofHell.Lecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodOnthewayhemeetsMr.Faithfulandtheybecomegoodfriends.ButatVanityFair,theyarecapturedandputincages.Mr.Faithfulisburnttodeath.ChristianescapesandthistimehemeetsMr.Hopeful.ThetwogothroughtheValleyoftheShadowofDeathandareimprisonedbythegiantoftheDoubtingCastle.Comingtotheendoftheirjourney,theyhavetoswimacrosstheRiverofDeathandalmostgetdrowned.Uponreachingtheoppositebank,theyfinallyseeahighhillandangelsarewaitingforthematthegateofHeaven.Lecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodSurelymenoflowdegreearevanity,andmenofhighdegreearealie:tobelaidinthebalance,theyarealtogetherlighterthanvanity.---TheOldTestamentBible下流人真是虚空，上流人也是虚假。放在天平里就必浮起。他们一共比空气还轻。Lecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodComments:1.BunyanknewtheBibleinsideoutandabsorbeditsspiritwell.Therefore,ThePilgrim’sProgressisinfactaverythroughinterpretationoftheBibleandoftheChristianspiritthroughallegoricalimages.2.Themostwell-knownandlovedsectioninthebookis“VanityFair”.ItbecamefamousalsobecauseWilliamMakepeaceThackeraylaterusedthissectiontitletonamehismostsuccessfulnovel.Lecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriod3.ThePilgrim’sProgresshasbeenabookownedbyalmosteveryfamilyinEnglandfortwofollowingcenturies,arecordperhapsonlynexttotheBibleitself.Lecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodJonathanSwift斯威夫特mostoutstandingprosewriterandsatiristsatiresatirizesatiricalLecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodSatiricalWorksTheBattleoftheBooksTheTaleofaTubAModestProposalGulliver’sTravelsLecture2TheNeoclassicalPeriodAModestProposalessayItisabitter